Intermedical journal

The significance of the criterion represented by the ratio of the crown size to the size of residual root part as a component of the functional teeth’s prognosis after the apicoectomy procedure

Anastasia Mykhaylivna Biley — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Apicoectomy is a component procedure of surgical endodontic interventions, which by definition leads to a decrease in root length, and therefore to a violation of the initial ratio of crown size to root size. However, there is still a lack of strictly targeted studies in the literature that would allow to quantify the significance of this ratio as a criterion for predicting the functioning of the teeth after the performed manipulation of root apical resection.Purpose of the study. To analyze a pool of targeted scientific studies related to the significance of changes in the ratio of crown height to residual root length after the apicoectomy procedure, as a criterion for biomechanical prediction of tooth functioning after performed surgical endodontic interventions.Research methods. The search for target publications was carried out using various combinations of keywords «crown root ratio», «tooth», «biomechanics», «prognosis», «endodontic surgery», «root end resection», «apicoectomy» and their equivalents in Ukrainian.Scientific novelty. The data accumulated during the processing of the previous studies’ results indicate that the ratio of crown size to root size should not be regarded as a reliable isolated predictor for the biomechanical prognosis of the tooth after the root apex resection procedure, if functionally acceptable residual area of p eriodontal attachment is available and there is no signs of its progressive loss.Conclusions. The indicator of periodontal attachment loss in the coronal part of the root is more significant determinant for the prognosis of the further tooth functioning after the apicoectomy procedure than the indicator of clinical attachment loss in the apical part of the root due to resection itself, if provided resection length was up to 6 mm (under favorable occlusal conditions), or if the residual root length is 7 mm. The crown-to-root ratio parameter is not an evidence-based predictor of tooth survival after apicoectomy (if functionally acceptable area of r esidual periodontal attachment is available), but this criterion can potentially impact the prognosis of the root apex resection success in the long term.

Features of prevention of jaws osteonecrosis with replacing bone defects in patients after tooth extraction

Viktor Mykolayovych Havryliev — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with the use of antiresorptive agents is a complication associated with impaired bone metabolism.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for a protocol of preventive and therapeutic actions, which includes antibiotic prophylaxis and plastic wound closure with local tissues in patients undergoing antiresorptive therapy.The data were collected retrospectively by screening the medical histories and outpatient cards of patients who had one or more teeth removed with primary wound closure in the period from 2020 to 2024. We have improved the standard protocol for providing surgical dental care, which included the following algorithm of preventive actions: the use of antimicrobial drugs starting 1 day before the surgical intervention, performing tooth extraction using an atraumatic technique, mandatory smoothing of sharp bone edges of the alveolus, closing the wound using plastic surgery with local tissues, advice on eating soft or liquid food, rinsing the mouth with a decamethoxin solution, daily clinical observation until complete epithelialization and healing of the post-extraction wound.In our study, we used the author's method of lifting and mobilizing full-thickness mucogingival flaps with simultaneous excision and revision of the periosteum to ensure complete mobilization of the flap, but this manipulation against the background of osteoporosis is accompanied by a decrease in the blood supply to the compact substance of the jaw, and due to the coronal displacement of the mucogingival margin and a decrease in the height of the vestibule, further orthopedic rehabilitation and a decrease in the quality of life of such patients may be complicated.Thus, it was established that in order to effectively prevent the formation of such a complication as osteonecrosis of the jaw bone at the preoperative stage, a detailed algorithm of antibiotic prophylaxis and plastic wound closure with local tissues should be developed with mandatory dental screening and rehabilitation of patients before the start of antiresorptive therapy. In our opinion, methodological material should be developed for the creation of courses on thematic improvement and specialization of dentists to increase awareness of primary / secondary prevention and treatment of patients taking antiresorptive drugs.

A comprehensive review of long-term complications of dental implantation and modern approaches to their prevention

Nazarii Ivanovich Helei — 2025-06-30

Relevance. Dental implantation is an effective method of restoring chewing function and aesthetics in patients with lost teeth, but it is accompanied by the risk of long-term complications. The most common are over-implantitis, bone resorption, mechanical damage and aesthetic defects, which can affect the durability of implants. The main risk factors are insufficient hygiene, implant overload and anatomical features of the patient. Prevention includes careful planning, the right choice of materials and patient follow-up. The study assesses the frequency of complications, their risk factors and the effectiveness of treatment, which allows minimizing risks and increasing the success of treatment.Objective of the research. To analyses the main types of late complications of dental implantation, determine their incidence and risk factors based on a review of current scientific publications and clinical cases, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of modern methods for the prevention and treatment of these complications.Materials and Methods. This review is based on the analysis of scientific sources published between 2018 and 2025, encompassing the most up-to-date advancements in the field of dental implantation. Particular attention is paid to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and narrative reviews published in leading international peer-reviewed journals (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science). A retrospective analysis of clinical cases was also conducted, allowing for comparison of the clinical effectiveness of various approaches to the prevention and treatment of complications, as well as an assessment of the risks patients face at different stages of implant therapy.The study includes clinical observations over a period of up to 5 years following implantation; an analysis of more than 30 scientific sources, with a focus on publications from the last 7 years (2018–2025); and an examination of interdisciplinary risk factors: microbiological, anatomical, mechanical, biomechanical, and hygienic. The research involved a review of clinical cases evaluating the frequency of peri- implantitis, bone resorption, mechanical and aesthetic complications; and a retrospective analysis of patient data from those who underwent rehabilitation after implantation. The effectiveness of treatment methods was assessed, including antibacterial therapy, surgical correction, bone augmentation, and soft tissue grafting.Results of the study and their discussion. The main long-term complications have been identified as: – Peri-implantitis (10–20%), the main risk factors for which are poor hygiene (50–60%), implant overload (20–30%) and systemic diseases (10–15%). Prevention includes hygiene control, occlusion and regular monitoring. The effectiveness of treatment with antibacterial therapy is 60–70%, surgical treatment with GBR – 80%. – Bone resorption (>2 mm in 5–10% of cases), which is associated with anatomical features (40%), peri-implantitis (30–40%) and overload (20%). Bone augmentation provides 70–85% of treatment success. – Mechanical complications (implant or abutment fracture in 2–5%), which are most often caused by low-quality materials (30%), or overload (50%). Correction involves component replacement and the use of orthopedic solutions. – Aesthetic complications (3–7%) resulting from gingival recession or implant exposure. Their prevention includes soft tissue plastic surgery and proper abutment selection, and treatment includes gingival plastic surgery (effectiveness 75–85%).Conclusions. Long-term complications of implantation occur in 10–15% of patients, but with proper planning, use of high-quality materials and regular monitoring, the risk of their development can be reduced to 5%. Timely diagnosis and effective treatment ensure a high level of success of therapy.

Substantiation of the influence of trace element composition of drinking water on the state of dental health of children

Oksana Ivanіvna Godovanets — 2025-06-30

Introduction. The dental health of children is an important indicator of the general health of the population and largely depends on environmental factors. The quality of drinking water plays a key role. Water is a constant and uncontrolled source of micronutrients in the human body, which makes its composition critically important in shaping health from an early age. Trace elements, in particular fluoride, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and copper, are involved in numerous biochemical processes: they ensure the development and maintenance of the functional integrity of hard tooth tissues, affect the processes of enamel mineralization, modulate the microbial composition of the oral cavity, and participate in the formation of local immunity.Objective of the research: to assess the impact of the trace element composition of drinking water on children's dental health by analyzing the correlation between the level of caries intensity and the content of fluoride, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and iron.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we conducted a dental examination of 839 children in the Chernivtsi region and took samples of drinking water in schools where dental examinations of schoolchildren were conducted. Chemical and analytical studies of water samples were conducted at the «Ukrainian Scientific Center for Marine Ecology». Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess the presence of a correlation between the signs.Results of the study. The results of the study confirm statistically significant correlations between the content of trace elements in drinking water and the intensity of caries in children. A pronounced inverse relationship was found for fluoride (r = -0.829, p < 0.01), which is confirmed by international studies. Calcium and magnesium demonstrated moderately positive associations with caries, which may be explained by the complexity of mineralization processes and possible disorders of their ratio. Zinc, due to its antimicrobial properties, had an inverse correlation of medium strength (r = -0.602), and its presence in water is considered a protective factor. Iron and copper showed weak correlations, indicating that their influence on caries development is less significant.Conclusion. The correlation analysis confirmed the relationships of varying strength between the trace element composition of drinking water and the development of caries in children. The obtained results substantiate the need to implement comprehensive preventive measures aimed at correcting the mineral balance of water and improving dental health in organized children's groups.

The influence of brackets on the accuracy of intraoral scanning: literature data and clinical observations

Myroslav Yuriyovich Goncharuk-Khomyn — 2025-06-30

Introduction. The literature shows a lack of generalizing studies that would help to systematize and clarify data regarding the influence of brackets on the accuracy of intraoral scanning, thereby determining the possibility and feasibility of using this technology for diagnostic and monitoring purposes among orthodontic patients.Objective of the research. To analyze available data regarding the influence of brackets on the trueness and precision of intraoral scanning, as well as to systematize clinical observations on the possibilities of using intraoral scanning in the presence of fixed orthodontic appliances.Materials and methods. The publications selected during the initial search were subject to further content analysis in accordance with the following categories: changes in the accuracy, trueness and precision of intraoral scanning results in the presence of brackets systems; brackets systems’ parameters that affect the accuracy of intraoral scanning; levels of brackets’ geometric parameters reproduction with the use of intraoral scanning technology.Results and discussions. The presence of a brackets system is associated with an increase in the levels of deviations within intraoral scanning results in regards to objective dimensional parameters of the oral cavity structures, however, these deviations in the conditions of using intraoral scanning data to control the process of orthodontic treatment are clinically insignificant. The lingual position of the brackets provokes higher levels of deviations of intraoral scanning results in regards to the objective dimensions of oral cavity structures compared to the vestibular brackets position. Available intraoral scanning technologies are characterized by the limited capabilities regarding the proper level of reproducing geometric characteristics of brackets themselves within digital environment, which limits the possibility of using scanned brackets as reference landmarks for further superimposition of intraoral scans obtained at different periods of time in order to monitor changes in the oral cavity during orthodontic treatment.Conclusions. Results of some studies indicated that deviations from the actual dimensional parameters of individual jaw areas in the conditions of intraoral scanning of patients with orthodontic brackets potentially may exceed 1 mm, which is critical if the obtained scanning data are intended to be used in the future for planning surgical, implantological or prosthetic interventions. Therefore, if it is necessary to plan further complex dental treatment of patients who are using fixed orthodontic appliances, it is advisable to remove brackets before conducting intraoral scanning; in conditions when scanning is performed only to control the results of orthodontic interventions, removal of orthodontic appliances is optional, however, deviations from the actual dimensions of individual structures of the oral cavity potentially may reach 1 mm.

On the issue of the accuracy regarding intraoral photogrammetry technology: an analysis of relevant evidence base data

Myroslav Yuriyovich Goncharuk-Khomyn — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Considering recent introduction of intraoral photogrammetry technology into dental practice, it is advisable to conduct a general analysis of the results obtained from the first laboratory and clinical studies, processing of which will allow to objectify the accuracy indicators for this method, the advantages of its application and aspects that require further detailing, all of which will impact the request for future applied and experimental research works of an approbatory nature.Objective of the research. To conduct a comparative analysis on the accuracy indicators of intraoral photogrammetry technology used for the registration of dental implants coordinate position based on the results of previous laboratory and clinical studies.Materials and methods. Collection of publications for conducting a targeted literature review was carried out by initial search of such through the Google Scholar service (https://scholar.google.com/). The following keywords were used for the search request: «intraoral photogrammetry», «dental implant», «intraoral scanner», «trueness», «precision». Scientific works published in English were taken into account, as well as those presented in periodical scientific journals indexed within the scientometric databases of Scopus and/or Web of Science.Results and discussions. The technology of intraoral photogrammetry in terms of implementation methodology is not completely analogous to the technology of classical photogrammetry, since it represents somewhat of «photogrammetric algorithm» for matching the positions of coordinate points present over specific scan abutments using artificial intelligence’s reconstructive and comparative approaches for such matter, and not the actual simultaneous registration of the position of all scan markers by an extraoral device from a distance and/or projections at which their photofixation occurs according to the «single frame» principle. Available laboratory and clinical studies demonstrated that the accuracy of the intraoral photogrammetry method is comparative to extraoral photogrammetry methods, and that the accuracy of the intraoral photogrammetry technology is higher in comparison with various technologies of intraoral scanning in means of registering objectified positions of dental implants within edentulous jaws.Conclusions. Considering available literature data it may be resumed that the accuracy of the intraoral photogrammetry technology for the objective registration of the dental implants’ coordinate position within the structure of the edentulous upper or lower jaw (model) is higher than the accuracy of various intraoral scanning technologies, which are not combined with photogrammetry technology, but may be used for the same purpose. The indicators of trueness and precision of the intraoral photogrammetry technology are comparable to similar parameters of some extraoral photogrammetry systems. The validity of the AI-based photogrammetric matching algorithm when using such with field of view equaled to the window’s size of scanner tip, which is significantly smaller than the size of the actual prosthetic field, requires further clarification in future standardized clinical studies.

Analysis of artificial intelligence and machine learning models’ effectiveness in regards to bone loss verification as a criterion for assessing the state of periodontal tissues based on orthopantomography data

Myroslav Yuriyovich Goncharuk-Khomyn — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Artificial intelligence models provide over 70% accuracy in classifying periodontitis cases using datasets of various nature, however, the most significant proportion of such was represented by orthopantomograms.Objective of the research. To analyze data on the effectiveness of using various artificial intelligence and machine learning models for the bone loss verification within the projection of natural teeth as a criterion for assessing the state of periodontal tissues based on orthopantomography data and to establish the accuracy indicators of such models in the structure of comprehensive diagnostics of periodontal patients.Materials and methods. Processing of publications selected for the primary cohort of scientific works was carried out by analyzing their text and providing manual data extraction in accordance with the following research categories: criteria that were used to assess the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence models focused on the detection, quantification and/or classification of the bone loss level in the projection of natural teeth based on orthopantomography data; indicators of the tested models performance effectiveness in accordance with the criteria used in different studies; the technologies (algorithms), which formed the basis for the development of the proposed target artificial intelligence models.Results and discussions. The prevailing part of the studies demonstrated the experience of using convolutional neural networks as the main approach in the structure of artificial intelligence models focused on verifying the level of bone loss in the projection of natural teeth based on the orthopantomography data. According to previously conducted studies cumulative diagnostic accuracy of such networks used for the above-mentioned purpose was equaled to 0,85, while cumulative sensitivity was equaled to 0,84, and cumulative specificity was equaled to 0,85. The processing of orthopantomograms using machine learning models was characterized by high efficiency in verifying cumulative bone loss in the projection of remaining dentition.Conclusions. During the literature review conducted to assess the effectiveness of clinically-oriented artificial intelligence and machine learning models for the verification of bone loss in the projection of remaining dentition, it was found that the accuracy of these models according to previously published studies has increased significantly after 2020, critically approaching the average indicator of 90%, meanwhile some studies demonstrated data controversial to generally established tendencies. Literature data of the 2020–2024 period indicates a pronounced positive growth in the sensitivity indicator of the above-mentioned models, while positive changes in the specificity indicator are less pronounced in terms of dynamics. Convolutional neural networks represent the approach most frequently described in the literature as usable for the development of artificial intelligence models focused on detecting and classifying levels of bone loss in the projection of natural teeth based on the orthopantomography data.

Microbiological aspects of dental implantation in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis

Vladyslav Olehovych Humeniuk — 2025-06-30

Introduction. It is well known that shifts in the microbial profile of the oral cavity towards pathogenicity threaten the stability of dental implants, leading to complications such as peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis. The involvement of not only recognized periodontopathogenic but also non-commensal microflora in such pathological processes remains a subject of scientific debate. Therefore, recognizing non-typical oral cavity microflora as pathogenic and a threat to dental health is crucial for understanding the causes of post- implantation complications.Objective: To determine the microbiological profile of the oral cavity in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis at the stage of preparation for dental implantation.Materials and Methods. The clinical study included 30 patients aged 26 to 63 years diagnosed with stage II–III chronic generalized periodontitis. At the stage of preparation for dental implantation, the microbial profile of periodontal pockets was analyzed, along with the antibiotic sensitivity of the detected microbial cultures.Results. The analysis of microbial colonization in periodontal pockets of patients with generalized periodontitis at the pre-implantation stage revealed that their microbial profile comprises not only periodontopathogenic microflora from the red and yellow complex but also non-commensal microflora. Representatives of this non-commensal flora included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterococcus faecalis, which are typically commensals of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated microbial cultures demonstrated a high level of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics commonly prescribed as adjunctive therapy during dental implantation.

Assessment of pain and psychological state at patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction under conditions of military aggression

Mykhailo Viktorovych Dumenko — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Pain of various localization, intensity, and duration is a dominant feature of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) and is often accompanied by psychological disturbances.Objective. To investigate the relationship between the psychological state of individuals with painful TMD and the intensity and localization of pain.Methods. Dental examination, survey, and statistical analysis. The sample included 110 individuals (30 in the control group and 80 in the study group, further divided into four subgroups based on pain localization according to the DC/TMD classification). Inclusion criteria for the study group: compliance with DC/TMD classification criteria, age between 18 and 60 years, intact dental arches, and informed consent.Results. The psychological status of patients with painful TMD was characterized by a "severe" stress level (14.64±5.59 points compared to the norm of ≤7 points), a "very severe" anxiety level (11.18±8.08 points compared to the norm of ≤3 points), and a "moderate" level of depressive symptoms (7.91±8.59 points compared to the norm of ≤4 points) with p<0.05. The most significant deviations from the normative values were observed in the group of patients with TMD-related headache: 16.85±3.40 points for stress, 12.95±2.01 points for anxiety, and 10.73±7.09 points for depressive symptoms, p<0.05. A correlation was found between the "anxiety" indicator and the intensity of pain both at the time of consultation (ρ=0.225; p<0.05) and with the most severe pain experienced in the past six months (ρ=0.361; p<0.05).Conclusions. In patients with painful TMD, pain intensity does not depend on localization or extent of the process. However, patients with local myalgia, irradiating myalgia, and arthralgia exhibited significantly higher levels of stress and anxiety, while patients with TMD-related headache showed elevated levels across all three psychological indicators (stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms).

Analysis of the antiseptic effects on root canal microbiota in acute pulpitis of primary teeth

Oksana Vasylivna Klitynska — 2025-06-30

The aim of the study. To substantiate the choice of antiseptic drugs considering the sensitivity of the pathogenic microbiota of root canals in acute forms of pulpitis of primary teeth and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antiseptics against clinical and typical microorganisms.Materials and methods. The study analyzes the effectiveness of antiseptics on the microbiota of root canals in acute pulpitis of primary teeth. Various antiseptic solutions, including sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, iodine, and creosote, were tested against clinical and typical strains of bacteria and fungi. For the study, typical museum cultures and clinical cultures isolated from root canals in pulpitis of primary teeth were used: microscopic fungi C. albicans, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, K. Oxitoca, S. viridans, S. pyogenes, E. faecalis.The antibacterial and antimycotic effects of the studied compounds were also evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).Results. Results showed that chlorhexidine bigluconate 2%, iodine 5%, and creosote 0.01% had the highest antimicrobial activity, while sodium hypochlorite was effective against gram-negative bacteria. Some antiseptics exhibited limited or no effect on specific pathogens. The study highlights the need for optimized antiseptic concentrations to ensure effective disinfection and improve endodontic treatment outcomes in pediatric dentistry, helping prevent reinfections and enhance long-term success. Against E. coli and K. oxitoca, the highest activity was shown by chlorhexidine bigluconate 2%, iodine 5% and creosote 0.01%. Sodium hydrochlorit 3% and 5% had high activity against typical and clinical strains of E. coli. Against K. oxitoca, 5% Sodium hydrochlorit had moderate antimicrobial activity and 3% Sodium hydrochlorit had low activity. Furacilin solution 0.06%, chlorophyllipt 1%, the drug "Hepilor" (choline salicylate 5%) and chlorhexidine 5% had no antimicrobial effect on gram-negative microorganisms taken into the experiment. These findings support evidence-based antiseptic selection for safe and efficient root canal disinfection, reducing complications and improving patient care in clinical practice.

Main aspects of military medical training for dental specialists

Yevhen Yakovyc Kostenko — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Military medical training for dental specialists is becoming increasingly important in the context of modern armed conflicts.Statistical data show that approximately 15% of all combat injuries involve maxillofacial trauma requiring specialized dental care. Insufficient training of dentists for work in combat conditions leads to decreased effectiveness of medical care and increased complication rates.Aim – тo analyze modern approaches to military medical training of dental specialists and identify key aspects of its optimization in accordance with current requirements and international standards.Methods. A systematic analysis and synthesis of data from domestic and foreign scientific publications over the past 5 years (2020-2025) was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Methods of bibliosemantic, comparative, structural and logical analysis, as well as expert evaluation method were applied.Results. It has been established that effective military medical training for dentists should be based on a multidisciplinary approach with emphasis on the specifics of providing care for combat maxillofacial injuries, organization of dental service in combat conditions, and working with limited resources. Integration of simulation technologies and practical training has been found to significantly increase specialists' readiness to work in extreme conditions. The need for developing standardized protocols for dental care provision in combat conditions has been identified.Conclusions. Military medical training for dentists should include specific competencies in military dentistry, tactical medicine, and medical service organization. Implementation of simulation technologies, standardized protocols, and interdisciplinary approach contributes to improving training effectiveness. Systematic updating of training programs based on the analysis of dental care provision experience in modern armed conflicts is necessary.

Justification of the use of metabolomics methods in dentistry

Myroslav Mykhaylovych Leshko — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Omics technologies (omics) are a complex of modern technologies in molecular biology and bioinformatics. Metabolomics is a science that specializes in the comprehensive study of metabolic reactions for the systematic characterization of metabolites in the human body. Next-generation Omix implements an approach to clinical workflows, thus providing insights for the development and repurposing of pharmaceutical products.The aim of the study. To conduct an analysis of literary sources regarding the use of metabolomics methods for the diagnosis of the normal state and incidence of major dental diseases.The results. A search was conducted for scientific studies contained in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases and related to the identification of salivary metabolites and proteins associated with the risk of development and progression of major dental diseases. Metabolomics provides opportunities not only to determine the human metabolome, but also determines information about the interaction of metabolites and the effect of pharmacological drugs on the level of metabolites (pharmacometabolomics), which can be used in nutrition, biochemistry, clinical chemistry, clinical genetics and medicine.Conclusion. The achievements of recent years, which are devoted to the results of the use of metabolomics methods for the diagnosis of the normal state and incidence of major dental diseases, are quite common. Expanding the range of their application will allow unifying algorithms for preclinical diagnosis of such common diseases as caries and periodontal tissue diseases among the population.

The influence of tongue topography on speech disorders in children with dentofacial deformities

Vitaliy Oleksandrovych Lychman — 2025-06-30

Dentofacial deformities, particularly malocclusion, are widespread among children of early and middle school age and currently represent not only a medical but also a social issue, serving as a predictor of changes in tongue positioning and speech disorders in children. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between malocclusion, tongue position, and speech disorders in children during the mixed dentition period. The morphofunctional state of the dentoalveolar system in children aged 8 to 12 during the mixed dentition period was assessed.Demographic indicators, oral health status, and breathing patterns were evaluated. Tongue positioning and speech issues were studied. To assess the correlation between these parameters and determine the reliability of the obtained data, we used a Poisson model with a 96% confidence interval. A total of 150 schoolchildren participated in the study. It was found that individuals diagnosed with anterior open bite (96% CI 1.61–2.94) and those exhibiting oral or oronasal breathing (96% CI 1.53–3.92) more frequently showed altered tongue topography.Both deep bite and male gender were identified as protective factors against abnormal tongue positioning. Regarding speech distortion, deep excessive bite was found to be a protective factor against speech distortion (PR 0.41; 95% CI 0.24–0.71), while children with posterior crossbite were more likely to experience this problem (PR 1.77; 95% CI 1.09–2.88). It was established that an anterior open bite and posterior crossbite correlate with speech distortion or altered tongue positioning. At the same time, oral and oronasal breathing are associated with dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus.Literature data were confirmed, indicating that a deep malocclusion acts as a protective response of the body against changes in speech function disorders and pathological alterations in tongue positioning.This study is a fragment of the comprehensive initiative project of the Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery at Poltava State Medical University, titled “Algorithm for the Comprehensive Treatment of Inflammatory Processes and the Prevention of Pathological Scar Formation of the Scalp and Neck after Planned and Urgent Surgical Interventions,” state registration number 0124U000093.

Diagnostics of dystrophic changes of TMJ in patients after injuries of the mandibular by individual markers of bone tissue destruction

Roman Zinoviyovych Ogonovsky — 2025-06-30

Introduction. According to statistics, temporomandibular joint disorders at various stages are detected in 25–65% of the adult population.Any pathology that does not allow this complex system, consisting of ligaments, muscles, skull bones and cartilage, to function properly is called TMJ dysfunction. The picture of clinical manifestations of TMJ dysfunction is determined by many factors, which greatly complicates the processes of diagnosing and eliminating the disease. That is why this disease is considered a multidisciplinary one. If necessary, treatment methods can be combined and complement each other. And for the correct treatment of TMJ, as a rule, several specialists are involved at once: an orthopedist-gnathologist, an orthodontist, a therapist, a surgeon. And in some cases, the help of a psychotherapist may be required. TMJ diseases are becoming more and more common, and, unfortunately, they are often confused with “classic” manual dysfunctions (disc dislocation, myofascial pain syndromes). The issue of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology is relevant for modern dentistry due to the prevalence and diversity of its clinic. TMJ diseases often resemble pathological processes that are dealt with by specialists of various specialties, which requires dentists to take a special approach both in the examination and in the choice of treatment tactics for this category of patients. Many clinicians focus on the development of tissue structures of the joint as one of the leading factors in the development of TMJ pathology. Such changes are also characteristic of connective tissue dysplasia. Therefore, the study of changes in the structures of the temporomandibular joint and metabolic processes of the body against the background of systemic pathology is a promising direction in dentistry.

Analysis of the morbidity of the population of Ukraine on malignant neoplasms of the lip and oral cavity during the war against russian military aggression

Gennadiy Oleksiyovych Slabkiy — 2025-06-30

Introduction. The war of Ukraine against Russian military aggression has negatively affected the health of the population and the healthcare system. At the same time, hostilities caused significant migration and deterioration of the health of the population.Objective: to study the impact of the war against Russian military aggression on the morbidity of the population of Ukraine on malignant neoplasms of the lip and oral cavity in the context of the regions of the country.Materials and methods. Materials: official data of sectoral statistical reporting in the dynamics of 2020-2023: 2020, 2021 – pre-war period; 2022, 2023 are the period of war were used in the course of the study. Statistical data are presented from the territories controlled by Ukraine. Methods: medico-statistical and of structural-and-logical analysis.Results. It was found in the course of the study that the contingent of patients with malignant neoplasms of the lip decreased by 2.4 (1.1 times) per 100 thousand population and amounted to 24.5. In 2023, in comparison with 2020, a decrease in this indicator was registered in 18 (72.0%) regions, and an increase in this indicator was registered in 6 (24.0%) regions. The highest levels of decrease in this indicator were registered in the territory of Donetsk (3.1 times) region. The contingent of patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity increased by 3.7 (1.15 times) and in 2023 amounted to 29.2. In 2023, in comparison with 2020, this indicator increased in 23 (92.0%) administrative territories and its decrease was registered in 2 (8.0%) regions. The indicator of morbidity of the population on malignant neoplasms of the lip decreased by 0.09 (1.1 times) and amounted to 0.81.In 2023, compared to 2020, a decrease in this indicator was registered in 14 (72.0%) regions, and an increase was registered in 11 (24.0%) regions. On the territory of the Luhansk region, no cases of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the lip was registered.The indicator of morbidity on malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity per 100 thousand population decreased by 0.30 and amounted to 4.30.In 2023, in comparison with 2020, this indicator increased in 11 (44.0%) administrative territories and its decrease was registered in the territory of 14 (56.0%) regions.Conclusions. In the course of the study, the negative impact of the war against Russian military aggression on the level of morbidity of the population on malignant neoplasms of the lip and oral cavity was established. The highest negative impact was registered on the territory of regions that belong to the zone of active hostilities or are close to them. An increase in the incidence of these diseases was registered in regions with a large number of internally displaced persons.

Frequency of occurrence and types of secondary deformities of dentitions in residents of the Kharkiv region

Yuliya Oleksandrivna Slynko — 2025-06-30

Introduction: the question of the prevalence and types of secondary deformities associated with the presence of dentition small defects in different age groups and geographical areas of Ukraine remains relevant even now. The aim of the work was to study the frequency of occurrence and features of secondary deformities of dentition in residents of the Kharkiv region according to digital panoramic radiography data.Materials and methods: digital panoramic radiographs of 1269 patients – residents of the Kharkiv region, which were performed on a V-generation dental computed tomography Vereviewepocs 3D R100 (Morita, Japan) were analyzed. The formation of groups was carried out every 5 years from 18 to 84 years, according to WHO recommendations.Research results: analysis of digital panoramic radiographs of patients from the Kharkiv region with small dentition defects allowed to diagnose various complications of partial edentulism in the form of secondary deformities associated with both pathological displacement of the teeth bordering the defect zone (deformities in the horizontal plane) and in the area of teeth devoid of antagonists (deformities in the vertical plane). The prevalence of secondary deformities of dentition in the horizontal plane was 45.2%, and in the vertical plane – 19.9% (2.3 times less, p<0.05). According to the results of the analysis, a direct correlation was established between the prevalence of secondary deformsties of dentition in the horizontal (r = 0.4653, p < 0.001) and the inverse – in the vertical plane (r = – 0.4661, p < 0.001) and the age of the examined individuals. The indicated trend of changes in the prevalence of secondary deformities of dentition in both the horizontal and vertical planes may be associated with gender-specific physiological changes in bone tissue.Conclusions: the negative age-related dynamics of the dental health of residents of the Kharkiv region emphasizes the need for timely rehabilitation of the dentition in accordance with modern trends in the development of dentistry.

Features of orbital floor reconstruction with free flap following maxillectomy for maxillary sinus cancer

Dmytro Valeriiovych Steblovskyi — 2025-06-30

This study evaluates the outcomes of orbital floor reconstruction using free flaps after maxillary resection due to malignant neoplasms of the maxillary sinus.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 patient medical histories who underwent maxillectomy with orbital floor removal due to malignant tumors and subsequent reconstruction using free flaps. Cross-sectional assessments to evaluate functional and aesthetic outcomes were performed in 25 alive and disease-free patients, with a follow-up of at least 180 days.Objective of the research. Bone reconstruction was performed in 25 patients, while five received reconstructions using soft tissue components. The most commonly used flap was a free flap from the fibula region. Normal visual acuity was observed in 82% of cases; physiological ocular movement was recorded in 89.3% of cases. Abnormal globe positioning occurred in nine patients. Aesthetic outcomes were satisfactory for 72.5% of the patients. Notably, orbital reconstructions without bone tissue components resulted in abnormal globe positioning in 67.7% of cases, although no statistically significant differences were found in visual acuity, ocular movement, and aesthetic satisfaction between patients who received bone versus soft tissue reconstruction (p ≤ 0.03). In 87% of cases at our clinic, we used bone reconstruction.The fibular region remains the optimal choice for the donor site. Soft tissue components were used in cases where the anteroposterior defect of the orbital floor averaged less than half of the total anteroposterior length, preserving the orbital rim. The absence of lower bony support and increased orbital cavity volume resulted in enophthalmos and hypophthalmos. Our findings confirm literature data indicating that bone reconstruction provides significantly better support for the eyeball than soft tissue reconstruction.Conclusions. It was established that free tissue transfer improves the outcomes of orbital floor reconstruction following total maxillectomy, preserving the eyeball and achieving optimal functional and aesthetic results. We believe that at the current stage of maxillofacial surgery development, preference should be given to bone reconstruction of the orbit. However, to obtain more precise and statistically reliable data, a larger multicenter study should be conducted with an adequate patient distribution across clinical groups for statistical analysis.

Efficiency of using oral elixir from amaranth seeds in complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis

Leonid Dmitrovich Chulak — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Relevant is the further search for medicines for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. It is considered justified the use of drugs of plant origin, which are devoid of side effects and exhibit a variety of biological functions. Of interest is the study of the therapeutic effects of oral elixir from amaranth seeds, which contains a natural complex of biologically active substances: squalene, amino acids (lysine, tryptophan), bioflavonoids (hesperidin), vitamins В1, В2, РР, С, Р, Е, А, macro- and microelements, prebiotic inulin and calcium citrate.The aim of the study is to determine the efficiency of the use of oral elixir from amaranth seeds in the complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Examination and treatment of 88 patients with generalized periodontitis of the initial-I, I degree, aged 18–35 years, was conducted. All patients were divided into two groups: the main group and the comparison group. Patients of the main group after conventional therapy of periodontitis were prescribed an elixir "Mint + amaranth extract" for constant daily use as a rinse 2 times a day, after toothbrushing. The efficiency of the oral elixir was evaluated based on clinical and radiological parameters in the nearest (after 1 month) and distant (after 6 and 12 months) observation periods.The results. It was found that in patients with periodontitis of the main group, the dynamics of decline in all indicators (hygienic index, PMA, bleeding index, Russell PI) was most pronounced than in the comparison group, at all observation periods – after 1, 6 and 12 months. In a comparative analysis of long-term treatment results, it was proved that the constant use of a oral elixir contributed to the stable clinical and radiological stabilization of the dystrophic-inflammatory process in the periodontium.Conclusion. Long-term daily use of oral elixir from amaranth seeds after conventional treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis of the initial-I, I degree leads to improvement of oral hygiene and long-term clinical and radiological stabilization in periodontal tissues.

Antimicrobial properties of Achillea millefolium L. essential oil against clinical bacterial isolates

Yevhen Ivanovych Hoblyk — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections, interest in plant-based alternatives – particularly essential oils – has grown substantially. Achillea millefolium L. exhibits pronounced antimicrobial activity, which varies depending on growing conditions and extraction methods. Studies have confirmed its efficacy against a range of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Helicobacter pylori, owing to its content of phenolics, flavonoids, and sesquiterpenes.The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of essential oil extracted from Achillea millefolium L. collected in the Zakarpattia region of Ukraine. The essential oil was obtained from wild plant material harvested near the village of Uzhok, Zakarpattia region, using hydrodistillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography using a DB-WAX capillary column. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested against multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Hafnia alvei, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium, all isolated from wound surfaces of military personnel.The results demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity of Achillea millefolium L. essential oil against a broad spectrum of pathogens responsible for infectious complications. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 12.5% for Gram-positive isolates and 37.5% for Gram-negative isolates, corresponding to a bacteriostatic effect of 6.7%. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of α- and β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, estragole, and camphor, which are likely contributors to the sample's biological activity.

Zinc and magnesium content in pancreatic islets of animals with different experimental models of diabetes mellitus

Natalia Volodymyrivna Hryhorova — 2025-06-30

Introduction. It is known that the implementation of the mechanisms of diabetes development is based on significant disturbances in the body's metabolic processes, including the metabolism of mineral substances. In our opinion, studies of zinc and magnesium, which play an important role in the activity of the insular apparatus and the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, deserve special attention.The aim of the study. To study the changes in the content of zinc and magnesium in the pancreatic islets of mice and rats upon administration of various diabetogenic substances.Materials and methods. White outbred mice and rats were used in the experiments. The development of methods for determining zinc and magnesium in islet β cells in our laboratory allowed us to study the content of these metals in animals using various experimental models of diabetes mellitus.Results of the study and their discussion. It was found that after the administration of alloxan in mice, alloxan and streptozotocin in rats, a significant deficiency of zinc and magnesium in β-cells was observed. Less pronounced changes were observed in mice with streptozotocin- induced diabetes. A slight deficiency of metals was observed in mice with dithizone diabetes and diabetes caused by 8-TSQ, and in rats – also with dithizone. With an increase in the severity of alloxan diabetes, a gradual decrease in the content of zinc and magnesium in the pancreatic islets of animals was observed.Conclusions. 1. Zinc deficiency in insulin-producing cells of mice increased from 28% after administration of 8-TSQ to 69% (P<0,001) – alloxan, and in rats – 19% (P<0,05) – 57% (P<0,001). 2. Magnesium content in pancreatic β cells of mice decreased from 18% (P<0,01) in the case of administration of 8-TSQ to 64% (P<0,001) – alloxan, and in rats – by 15-54% (P<0,001). 3. In islet β-cells, the content of zinc and magnesium in animals decreased from 90 and 82% (P<0,001) – in severe alloxan diabetes to 14 and 23% (P<0,05) – in cases where the disease did not develop. 4. The results of the correlation analysis indicate a significant positive nature of the relationship between zinc and magnesium in pancreatic islets, which indicates a synergistic nature of changes in the content of intracellular metals.

Aerobic сapacity of the organism of females of different somatotypes residents in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia

Olena Anatolyivna Dulo — 2025-06-30

Introduction. In the general energy potential of a person, aerobic energy production significantly prevails over anaerobic. Therefore, it is customary to assess physical health by the indicator of maximum oxygen consumption – VO2 max. Individuals of different morphological types differ significantly in terms of the aerobic and anaerobic productivity of the body. At the same time, aerobic productivity in individuals of different somatotypes residing in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia is currently unstudied. The peculiarities of living in mountainous areas form a certain phenotype in residents according to the indicators of aerobic and anaerobic energy supply systems of muscular activity.Thus, the study of the indicators of aerobic productivity of the body of females of different somatotypes living in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia will allow us to objectively assess the state of their physical health by taking into account morphological characteristics and the phenotype formed under the influence of the characteristics of the area of r esidence.The purpose to determine the degree of development of aerobic performance indicators of the body of females 16–20 years old of different somatotypes resident’s mountainous areas of Zakarpattia.Methodology and methods of research. The study involved females aged 16-20 years, residents in the mountainous areas of the Zakarpattia (n=102). Aerobic performance of the body was studied using PWC170 indicators, which characterizes physical performance and VO2 max, which characterizes the power of aerobic processes of energy supply of muscular activity. To determine physical performance, the PWC170 bicycle ergometric test was used. The power of aerobic processes of energy supply was calculated based on data on physical performance. The somatotype of the subjects was determined by the Heath-Carter method. The components of the somatotype were determined by anthropometric measurements and mathematical calculations: endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy.Results and discussion. Having conducted anthropometric studies to determine the somatotype, we found that among females living in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia, 5 somatotypes are most common: balanced, mesoectomorphic, ectomorphic, endomorphic and endomesomorphic. According to the absolute PWC170 index, the highest values are demonstrated by representatives of the endomesomorphic somatotype and the lowest by representatives of the ectomorphic and mesoectomorphic somatotypes. According to the relative PWC170 index, the highest values are demonstrated by representatives of the endomesomorphic somatotype and the lowest by representatives of the ectomorphic somatotype.According to the absolute VO2 max index, the highest values a re demonstrated by representatives of the endomesomorphic, balanced and endomorphic somatotypes, and the lowest by representatives of the mesoectomorphic and ectomorphic somatotypes. According to the relative VО2 max indicator, higher values a re demonstrated by representatives of the endomesomorphic somatotype.Summarizing the obtained results, it can be stated that higher values of aerobic productivity indicators of the body are characteristic of girls with a predominance of endomorphy, which indirectly indicates the absence of a negative impact of the fat component on the aerobic productivity of girls living in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia.Conclusions. Females aged 16-20 of different somatotypes living in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia significantly differ in the degree of development of aerobic productivity indicators of the body. Higher values are characteristic of representatives of the endomesomorphic and endomorphic somatotypes. Lower values are characteristic of representatives of the mesoectomorphic and ectomorphic somatotypes.The level of aerobic productivity of the body in females living in the mountainous regions of Zakarpattia, regardless of the somatotype, corresponds to "excellent". The average group values of VО2 max rel. representatives of all somatotypes exceed the "critical level of health".

Comprehensive characteristics of territorial communities of the mountainous geographical zone as a factor for optimization of activities to preserve and strengthen public health

Ivan Sviatoslavovych Myronyuk — 2025-06-30

Introduction. In the context of the administrative-and-territorial reform and the reform of the health care system in Ukraine, territorial communities are the basic level for ensuring the preservation and strengthening of public health. Objective: to give a comprehensive characteristic of the territorial community as a basic level of the development health care system in the region to preserve and strengthen the health of the population.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the base of the Dovzhanska rural territorial community of the Khust district of Transcarpathian region. Materials: passport of the territorial community. Methods: bibliosemantic, of structural-and-logical analysis.Results and their discussion. The Dovzhanska rural territorial community includes eight settlements with a population from 109 to 7,075 residents. In total, 16,575 people live in the community with the following age structure: 22.8% of children, 56.0% of the working-age population and 21.2% of the population over working age. The smallest share is composed by the population aged 15-18 years – 4.8% and 0-6 years – 6.5%.This kind demographic situation is unfavorable. The total length of roads within the community is 144.2 km, of which 70% need major repairs and are conditionally passable in the autumn and spring. On the territory of the community, a communal non-profit enterprise "Dovzhansky Center for Primary Medical Care" is functioning, which includes five outpatient clinics of general practice-family medicine and pharmacies are functioning in three settlements of the community. On the territory of the community, there is a permanent base of emergency medical teams of the Irshava Emergency Medical Care Station. The population of three settlements is deprived of the opportunity to receive not only affordable primary medical care, but also pre-medical care. The population of the community does not have the opportunity to receive affordable dental care, which is classified by the WHO as primary care.Conclusions. The analysis of the comprehensive characteristics of settlements, the structure of the population and infrastructure to ensure life and preserve and strengthen the health of the population indicates low and uneven access of the residents of different settlements of the community to conditions for preserving and strengthening health. The issue of preserving and strengthening the health of the population in the community is not a priority. The situation requires public hearings on this issue and the adoption and implementation of a comprehensive target program to ensure the constitutional rights of the community population to preserve and strengthen health.

Topical issues of preparing the primary health care system for the provision of medical care to the population in case of malignant neoplasms

Gennadiy Oleksiyovych Slabkiy — 2025-06-30

Objective: to develop ways to prepare primary level of medical care for the provision of comprehensive oncological care to the population in post-war conditions.Materials and methods. Materials: Legislative framework of Ukraine on health care reform and its restoration in the post-war period.Methods: bibliosemantic, of structural-and-logical analysis and of conceptual and descriptive modeling. Systematic approach served as the methodological basis of the study.Results. Ways of preparing primary level of medical care for the provision of comprehensive oncological care to the population in the post-war period have been developed while reforming the health care sector and forming a capable network of specialized medical care institutions. The proposed innovations include managerial and organizational measures at all levels of management: sectoral, regional, basic. The strategic goal is to form the necessary competencies of medical personnel, to optimize the material-and-technical base of family outpatient clinics, to motivate the population to receive medical care for malignant neoplasms from family doctors.Conclusions. Ways of preparing primary level of medical care for the provision of comprehensive oncological medical care to the population, which will provide affordable and effective assistance to the population in case of malignant neoplasms in the post-war period, are proposed.

Management of patients with upper respiratory tract infections accompanied by Exanthem Subitum

Yaroslav Dmytrovych Bondarenko — 2025-06-30

Abstract. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches to the management of Exanthem Subitum (also known as roseola infantum) in children. The study included 250 pediatric patients presenting with symptoms of upper respiratory infections, among whom 5 children (2%) were diagnosed with Exanthem Subitum. The most vulnerable group was identified as children aged 6 months to 2 years (85% of cases), attributed to the waning of maternal immunity and the immaturity of the child’s own immune system. It was found that 78% of affected children attended organized childcare facilities, indicating that close contact in such environments contributes to the spread of HHV-6 and HHV-7 viruses, particularly during spring and autumn (72% of cases), when immune resistance is typically lower.The clinical course in all diagnosed cases featured a sudden onset of high fever (39–40°C) lasting 3–5 days, followed by a rapid temperature drop and the appearance of a maculopapular rash, predominantly on the trunk, face, and limbs. Most children did not report any discomfort such as itching or pain (95%), and the rash resolved within 1–3 days. A preceding acute respiratory viral infection was noted in 65% of cases, suggesting a link with temporary immune suppression. Additional risk factors included lack of breastfeeding until 6 months of age (70%), genetic predisposition (40%), and first-time exposure to the virus.Treatment is exclusively symptomatic. The primary therapeutic measures include antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen), adequate hydration, physical cooling methods, and maintaining optimal environmental conditions. Educating parents about the natural course of the disease, appropriate care strategies, and warning signs requiring medical attention is essential. Healthcare professionals are advised to increase awareness of Exanthem Subitum’s clinical signs and apply differential diagnostic protocols to distinguish it from other exanthematous diseases.The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to diagnosing, managing, and preventing Exanthem Subitum. This includes hygienic, educational, and organizational interventions aimed at reducing incidence and preventing complications.

Features of adaptive mechanisms of the cardiovascular system in acquired myopia

Artur Yuriiovych Ivashenko — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Acquired myopia is one of the most common refractive anomalies in modern society, and the number of cases continues to grow globally each year. Various factors such as prolonged visual strain, insufficient physical activity, improper lighting, and genetic predisposition contribute to its development and progression. In this context, the study of systemic changes in the body, particularly the adaptive mechanisms of the cardiovascular system in the presence of myopia, is highly relevant.Aim of the work. Conducting a comprehensive analysis of hemodynamic indicators that reflect functional changes in the cardiovascular system, including the adaptive potential, in individuals with acquired myopia.Materials and methods of the study. The study was conducted among 146 volunteers aged 18-35, divided into a control group and a group of individuals with acquired myopia of varying degrees. A clinical and functional examination of the cardiovascular system was performed, key hemodynamic parameters were determined, and calculations and comparisons of functional status indicators between the two groups were carried out.Research results and their discussion. In individuals with acquired myopia, a significant increase was found in systolic blood pressure, the circulatory efficiency coefficient, Robinson index, and adaptive potential. An increase was also observed in heart rate, diastolic and pulse blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular work power, systolic index, functional state coefficients of the circulatory and cardiorespiratory systems, Kerdo vegetative index, as well as cardiac and stroke indices. A decrease was noted in heart volume, Hildenbrandt coefficient, total peripheral resistance, and specific peripheral resistance.Conclusions. Acquired myopia is accompanied by systemic functional changes in the cardiovascular system, which are compensatory in nature and may reflect the body's adaptive response to the load on the visual analyzer.

Disability of the child population as an actual public health problem and the basis for planning rehabilitation care for children

Nataliia Mykhaylivna Orlova — 2025-06-30

Analysis of the dynamic and regional characteristics of disability in children, as well as the reasons for its formation, is the basis for determining the needs of the child population for rehabilitation care and the ways to improve its organization.The aim of the study was: to analyze the disability of children in Ukraine and its administrative territories in dynamics for 2015-2023 to provide information support for planning and developing rehabilitation care for children.Materials and methods: The study used bibliographic, epidemiological and statistical methods, as well as the method of a systems approach and analysis. The study materials were statistical data f. No. 19 "Report on children with disabilities under 18 years of age for 20__" summarized at the level of administrative territories (regions and the city of Kyiv) and in Ukraine.Results. According to the state statistical reporting, as of 31.12.2023, 158901 children with disabilities need rehabilitation care in Ukraine.During 2015-2023, the number of disabled children and the level of general disability of the child population in Ukraine tended to rise; in 2023, the level of primary disability also increased, which indicates the need to optimize and expand rehabilitation care for children. The main causes of general disability of children are congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (27.1%), mental and behavioral disorders (22.3%), diseases of the central nervous system (14.3%). During the observation period, the role of mental and behavioral disorders as cause of the disability of children increased. In 2023 they became the main cause of primary disability of the child population and caused every 3rd (33.5%) case. The level of primary disability due to mental and behavioral disorders increased almost 2.5 times, and the general one by 71.2%. The war changed the territorial profile of childhood disability in Ukraine. Due to the migration of refugees from the south-eastern to the western regions, the latter have the highest levels of primary and general disability.Conclusions. The identified characteristics of disability among the child population indicate the need to increase the volume of rehabilitation for children and improve its effectiveness.

Non-communicable diseases and patients’ metabolic health: a public health perspective

Snizhana Vasylivna Feysa — 2025-06-30

Introduction. Since the onset of the full-scale war in Ukraine, the issue of non-communicable diseases – many of which are associated with metabolic disorders – has become significantly more acute. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common non-communicable diseases, exacerbating comorbidities, accelerating the onset of complications, and considerably reducing patients' quality of life.Objective. To explore credible sources for potential links between non-communicable diseases and metabolic disorders, and to assess MASLD in the context of public health.Materials and Methods. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Medline databases, along with an analysis of information from the official website of the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.Results and Discussion. The article discusses the current state of metabolic-associated non-communicable diseases, with a primary focus on MASLD, which has emerged as a major public health and healthcare system challenge. MASLD has taken on the features of a non- infectious pandemic, affecting 30–40% of the global population. The disease carries not only medical but also socio-economic implications.The article describes the epidemiology of MASLD and its association with overweight and obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, and increased cancer risk. The importance of screening for steatosis is emphasized, with early therapeutic intervention aimed at reducing adverse health outcomes.Conclusions. An interdisciplinary approach to the medical and social challenge of MASLD – the most prevalent NCD worldwide – should be comprehensive and centered on understanding the comorbidity paradigm and its impact on population health. A crucial step is the development and implementation of a holistic community-level program with clear guidelines for screening, early diagnosis, treatment, and complication prevention. Only a well-defined strategy to combat MASLD can yield success and improve the overall health profile of Ukrainians.