Intermedical journal

Comprehensive treatment of oroantral junctions

2025-03-31T14:06:59+03:00

Introduction. The study studied the complex effect of drug and surgical treatment of oroantral junctions (OAS). In practical dentistry, a combination of methods for treating OAS is used, in particular conservative, surgical and combined approaches. Treatment depends on the etiology, size of the defect, the patient's condition and the presence of concomitant pathology. Special importance is given to complex methods that include a combination of reconstructive techniques with the use of modern biomaterials and technologies.Objective of the research. Analysis of modern approaches to the complex treatment of oroantral junctions, assessment of their effectiveness and determination of optimal strategies aimed at restoring tissue integrity.Materials and methods. A comparative clinical analysis of methods for eliminating oroantral communication (OAC) in patients with chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis was conducted. The study included 18 patients aged 25-55 years, of whom 6 were women and 12 were men. The patients were divided into two groups: a control group (10 individuals operated on using the mobilized buccal flap technique) and a main group (8 individuals who underwent palatal subepithelial vascularized flap plastic surgery).The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated based on the following criteria: the risk of edema and bleeding in the postoperative period, the presence of scar deformities, paresthesia, and soft tissue changes in the long term. General clinical methods (inspection, palpation, probing, percussion), a bibliographic method (for source analysis), comparative analysis methods, and statistical data processing were used.Results and discussions. During the analysis of the results, it was determined that the technical complexity of the proposed technique was higher, which in turn affected the duration of the surgical intervention by an average of 30 minutes, compared to 20 minutes when using a mobilized buccal flap. Bleeding from the branches of the palatine artery was observed in one patient operated on using the new concept. In 4 patients operated on using the mobilized buccal flap method (control group), paresthesias were noted in the infraorbital area for 4 weeks. Postoperative edema and soft tissue hematomas were found in 20% of patients in this observation group and in none of the group operated on using our method. Scar deformities and deterioration of the soft tissue biotope in the surgical area were noted in 100% of cases with the surgical technique using a mobilized buccal flap and were not detected in the main group.Conclusions. Complex treatment of oroantral junction, including surgical closure of the defect and medical treatment, is the most effective approach that minimizes the risk of complications and reduces the duration of rehabilitation. Further studies should be aimed at improving materials for defect reconstruction and developing new protocols for combined treatment.

Clinical prognosis of teeth adjacent to prosthetic restorations supported by intraosseous titanium dental implants

2025-03-31T14:14:25+03:00

Introduction. Prosthetic rehabilitation supported by dental implants helps to increase the level of patient's dental status’ functional capabilities which may be compromised by partial edentia, however, the safety profile of such approach has not yet been objectified in relation to the trajectory of changes within the projection of the patient's natural teeth considering dento-alveolar system’s adaptive remodeling due to the formulated occlusion and the distribution of forces among the prosthetic elements supported by titanium intraosseous fixtures.Objective of the research. To analyze changes in teeth adjacent to prosthetic restorations supported by dental implants, and to determine the potential impact of dental implantation and prosthetic rehabilitation supported by dental implants as factors that can potentially be associated with the clinical prognosis of the patient's residual natural dentition.Materials and methods. The search for target publications was carried out through the PubMed Central website. The following keywords were used to form descriptors during the search: «dental implant», «adjacent», «tooth», «implant restoration», «implant supported prosthetics», «dental caries», «tooth loss», «tooth survival», «prognosis».Results and discussions. As a result of the literature review, it was possible to establish that the fact of implantation and the placement of an intraosseous fixture itself do not demonstrate a pronounced effect on the prognosis of the functioning of teeth adjacent to the area of implantation, but only on condition that a sufficient distance was maintained between the implant structure and the root wall. However, further fixation of the prosthetic restoration on an intraosseous fixture is associated with the development of the proximal contact loss phenomenon (more pronounced on the mesial side of restoration based on dental implant), an increase in the risk of caries development within the adjacent tooth and an increase in the likelihood of endodontic treatment need for such.Conclusions. Taking into account that the most changes in the structure of natural teeth adjacent to crowns and dentures supported by dental implants occur only after fixation of the prosthetic restoration on the intraosseous fixture, and not immediately after implant placement, it can be summarized that the prognosis of the natural teeth condition depends on the adequacy of the formed prosthetic profile of the implant supported crown, the distance between the root and the dental implant, the existing conditions for ensuring proper hygienic control, as well as on the severity of remodeling and possible reactive changes within the soft tissues and bone in the projection of the proximal contact, which is directly related to the above-mentioned factors, as well as to the duration of the implant supported restoration functioning, as a component of the prognosis.

Regarding the question of inter-relationship between occlusal trauma and periodontitis: evidence-based data analysis

2025-03-31T14:23:00+03:00

Introduction. Depending on the presence of occlusal trauma, the sequence of approaches within comprehensive rehabilitation protocol, which includes restorations supported by natural teeth or intraosseous dental implants for patients with periodontitis, may change. Considering this, it is relevant to review the relationships between the phenomenon of occlusal trauma and the development and progression of periodontitis pathology, based on current clinical and laboratory studies.Objective of the research. To analyze the features of the relationships between the phenomenon of occlusal trauma and the development and progression of periodontitis pathology, taking into account data from previous studies.Materials and methods. The selection of publications for a targeted literature review was carried out by means of an initial search within the Google Scholar system (https://scholar.google.com/). Publications that based on the text of the abstract and title could potentially be associated with the purpose of present study were subject to detailed content analysis, the categories of which were the following: changes within the structure of periodontal tissues on the background of existing occlusal trauma; changes within the course of periodontitis on the background of existing occlusal trauma; the effect of eliminating occlusal trauma on changes within the structure of periodontal tissues under normal and pathological conditions; approaches used to study the impact of occlusal trauma on periodontal tissues; approaches used to assess the role of occlusal trauma in the structure of periodontal tissues changes within clinical conditions.Results and discussions. Number of previous laboratory studies demostrated that the presence of occlusal trauma as such, without an accompanying bacterial component, cannot provoke the development of periodontitis in the classical interpretation of the symptoms’ complex of this pathology. Animal models have demonstrated that under the influence of excessive occlusal forces, but with the maintenance of proper bacterial control, occlusal trauma provokes an increase in tooth mobility and a decrease in the level of surrounding bone density, but without the accompanying loss of clinical attachment. The factors of traumatic occlusion can be considered as contributory to the extent of destruction within the supporting apparatus of tooth on the background of existing periodontal pathology. Approaches for the treatment of traumatic occlusion include occlusal corrections, management of parafunctional activity, stabilization of mobile teeth using provisional and subsequently definitive structures, orthodontic tooth movement, occlusal reconstruction (complete redesign of the occlusal scheme), extraction of teeth with a compromised prognosis.Conclusions. The analysis of the literature data allowed to summarize that, despite the fact that occlusal trauma cannot be considered as an etiological factor in the development of periodontitis, its presence on the background of periodontitis changes the pattern and progress of pathological changes, and the elimination of the excessive occlusal component improves the prognosis of targeted periodontal treatment. Factors such as the presence of premature occlusal contacts, the presence of occlusal interferences on the non-working side, the simultaneous combination of occlusal contacts on the working and non-working sides of the jaw, as well as the length of the sliding trajectory between the positions of the centric relation and central occlusion, are associated with lower values of the criteria for assessing the state of the periodontium, compared to conditions when the influence of the above factors in a patient with periodontitis was absent.

Analysis of the dental history of young patients and its correlation with cervical dental pathology and oral health indicators

2025-03-31T14:29:14+03:00

Introduction. The features of the dental history can negatively affect oral health indicators including cervical dental pathology. Objectives. Determination of dental history of young patients, analysis of the correlation between it and cervical dental pathology and oral health indicators.Materials and methods. The examination of 272 people (174 women and 98 men) aged 18-44 included the collection of anamnesis data, a clinical examination, an index assessment of the condition of dental hard tissues and periodontium and identification of the level of oral hygiene filling out a questionnaire/survey. Depending on the type and presence of dental cervical pathology, the patients were divided into study groups.Results. Patients with enamel erosion had professional oral hygiene procedures in 2.7 and 2.3 times more frequent in their history than patients with cervical caries and without cervical dental pathology (χ2=4.10, р=0.02 and χ2=3.90, р=0.02, respectively). The number of subjects with cervical caries and orthopedic treatment was 8.0 and 6.2 times higher in dental histories, and with orthodontic constructions 8.0 and 8.8 times lower when compared with subjects with a wedge-shaped defect and without cervical dental lesions (p<0.05). The correlation was observed between orthopedic treatment and the development of cervical caries (inverse – χ2=4.98, p=0.02) and wedge-shaped defect (direct – χ2=16.32, p<0.001). The correlations were determined between the development of clinical symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity and tooth whitening (χ2=3.81, p<0.05) and orthopedic treatment in dental history (χ2=16.22, p<0.001). There were increased number of lesions (χ2=22.81, p<0.001) in the subjects with wedge-shaped dental defects and orthodontic structures, and complaints of pain and bleeding gums were more common (p>0.05). A direct medium-strength correlation was determined between complaints of unpleasant odor in the mouth and complaints of bleeding and pain in the gums (χ2=10.03, р<0.001 and χ2=3.98, р<0.05, respectively).Conclusions. We recommend to take into account the identified correlations between the considered data of the dental history and the state of oral health in order to improve the quality of treatment of cervical dental pathology.

Principles of Categorization of Criteria for Assessing the Quality of Fixed Orthopedic Structures in Dynamics

2025-03-31T14:33:29+03:00

Introduction. Over the past decade, the population's need for prosthetic dental care has increased significantly, driven by the high prevalence of included dentition defects, which in some regions of Ukraine exceeds 100%. Few scientific studies have focused on the expert assessment of the quality of fixed orthopedic restorative structures in dynamics to objectively evaluate their condition.Aim. To categorize the criteria for the successful functioning of fixed orthopedic structures in dynamics by applying the developed algorithm of dispensary supervision.Materials and Methods. Spearman's correlation analysis and cluster analysis were employed for statistical analysis. The clustering results were visualized as a dendrogram, with Euclidean distances calculated using the traditional distance formula. Results. To effectively and objectively monitor the condition of fixed restorations, an algorithm for examining patients was proposed, which included: 1. Patient questionnaire. 2. Professional examination by a dentist (dentist questionnaire). 3. Instrumental assessment of fixed restorations' mobility using a modified frequency resonance analysis method. 4. Additional diagnostic methods, particularly radiographic (X-ray) diagnostics.Conclusion. In ranking diagnostic clusters to differentiate cement fixation disorders of fixed orthopedic structures of different types, clinically significant diagnostic clusters were identified, and the statistical significance of each was established.

Metabolome of saliva as a diagnostic tool in dentistry

2025-03-31T14:38:20+03:00

Caries is an etiologically multicomponent pathological process in the hard tissues of the teeth, which occurs after their eruption and takes the first place among all diseases, its prevalence reaches 100% among the population of the whole world. An important role is played by the conditions associated with the early detection of predictors of caries and the creation of conditions to ensure the reduction of their negative impact. The aim of the study – analysis of literary sources, which concerns the identification of the salivary metabolome as a promising diagnostic tool in dentistry. Materials and methods. A search was conducted for scientific studies contained in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and related to the identification of salivary metabolites and proteins associated with dental caries. The results. In adults and children, there is a connection between various components of saliva and dental caries. Identification of a set of specific biomarkers for populations at high caries risk is not only important for early diagnosis, but also for caries prevention and treatment. According to the data of leading scientists, a statistically significant increase in the salivary levels of alpha-amylase, acidic proline-rich protein-1, histatin-5, lactoperoxidase, and mucin-1 was found in patients with caries, while the salivary levels of carbonic anhydrase 6, proteinase-3, and staterin significantly increased in patients caries free. Conclusion. The study of the salivary metabolome is a non-invasive, affordable and economically justifiable promising diagnostic tool in dentistry, in particular for the identification of preclinical predictors of the occurrence and progression of caries. It is advisable to test the identified biomarkers in larger cohorts and longitudinally, taking into account age, gender differences and the level of oral hygiene and dietary habits.

Cluster analysis of aetiological parameters of bruxism

2025-03-31T14:42:48+03:00

The aim of the study – to establish a correlation between the degree of severity and the etiological factors of bruxism.Materials and methods. After a clinical dental examination of 377 people aged 25 to 44 years, 81 parameters characterizing the diagnosis of bruxism will be determined, to which the results of the dental examination were assigned (history collection, index and instrumental assessment of dental status, condition of masticatory muscles, TMJ and additional methods (ocludogram, orthopantomography, TMJ computer tomography, Brooks checker, masticatory muscle electromyography), polysomnography and temperature assessment. The digital material was processed by the method of variational statistics, the calculations were carried out using the computer program "MULTIFAC" 2/2 using multivariate, correlation and regression analysis. Mathematical analysis and verification of the reliability of the results, as well as the calculation of the arithmetic mean and root mean square errors were carried out on the basis of the "Statistica" software 6.0" and "Microsoft Office Excel 2003".Results and their discussion. When conducting a cluster analysis of the etiology of bruxism of 81 indicators, three groups of subjects were distinguished depending on the prevailing factor: the first group of patients with bruxism from the indicated signs showed a high correlation (r=0.99, p<0.05) with indicators: pathological types of bite (distal, deep, cross), the presence of supracontacts and orthodontic pathology; the second – with a high correlation (r=0.98, p<0.05) according to the signs: pathology of the temporomandibular joint; in the third group, the excited choleric temperament and psychoemotional state according to the criteria of lability of the autonomic nervous system in threatening situations and sleep disorders associated with general internal tension are reliably correlated with high indicators of temperament. Conclusions. The correlation in the first group was (r=0.99, p<0.05); in the second – (r=0.98, p<0.05), in the third (r=0.97, p<0.05), which allows prescribing etiotropic treatment.

Investigation of the dynamics of hygienic, periodontal and dental status in different groups of the population of m. Uzhgorod

2025-03-31T14:50:03+03:00

The development of basic dental statuses begins with the identification of indicators of oral hygiene and periodontal tissue. In view of these factors, dentists are responsible for choosing the most favorable conditions for their work in various age-related and professional groups, with the balance of obvious negative factors, external and internal. middle ground and professional selfishness. Meta-research: to determine the hygienic and dental status in different groups of the population by additionally modifying the parameters of the main dental diseases and to draw a parallel between them and the level of hygienic knowledge among them groups for the correction of hygienic and preventive approaches as the main way to prevent these illnesses.Materials and methods. The study involved 242 individuals who were not affected by post-galsomatic pathology, from which 5 age-old groups were formed: children of the school age advanced to the 1st group – 8–10 years (46 individuals), School age children reached the 2nd group – 12–15 years of age (48 individuals), up to the 3rd group – students aged 18–20 years (52 individuals), in the 3rd group – juveniles aged 35–44 years (50 osib), 4th group – orthodontic patients 12–15 r. (46 individuals), the 5th group was composed of individuals 45 years old and older (52 individuals). The dental status was determined using the additional Green-Vermilion hygiene index, periodontal indices PMA and Mühlemann and Son.Results. As a result of the investigation, a decrease in the Green-Vermilion index in the 1st group was established from (2.13 ± 0.38) to (1.07 ± 0.27) intelligence. od., in the 5th group – from (2.83 ± 0.14) to (0.75 ± 0.09) intelligence. od., which indicates improved purification efficiency in different groups of the population. Positive dynamics of anti-inflammatory effectiveness are observed in the 1st group, from (16.81±3.52) to (8.15±1.64)%, in the 5th group the indicators decreased by 3 times, from (18.86± ) 0.65) % up to (6.53±0.77)%. As a result of the study, it was established that the level of periodontal tissue in the 5th group according to the Mühlemann and Son bleeding index was 3 (11.29±1.98) and by the end of the study it reached (5.31±1.62)%, y 2nd group indicators of the bleeding index decreased from (11.67±0.69)% to (5.00±0.28)%. The groups were aware of a decrease in hygiene knowledge, which meant the need to conduct dental awareness among the population of different age groups.Conclusions. Establishment of individual hygienic programs for the prevention of dental illnesses based on hygienic procedures that are consistently related to various methods of oral hygiene confirms the effectiveness of visits that are carried out in accordance with the specific indicators of hygiene and dental status.

The current view of the experience of using reduced diameter dental implants in complete removable dental prosthesis. A review

2025-03-31T14:56:16+03:00

Introduction. In modern conditions, alternative design and clinical solutions concepts have emerged in dental implant technology, such as small-diameter implants, which have become of increasing clinical and scientific interest. Such types of medical devices and their applications continue to be studied at many levels of research and development in many countries. Aim of the work: to analyze available sources of scientific and medical information on the experience of using small-diameter dental implants, the prerequisites and consequences of introducing such innovations into clinical practice.Materials and methods of the study. An information search was conducted in available electronic libraries and scientific and medical information aggregators. The search depth was 10 years. Keywords: "mini-implants", "dental implants", "small-diameter dental implants", "available bone", "conditionally removable dentures with support on implants".Study results and discussion. The prevalence of complete secondary edentulousness in the population varies considerably between countries and has decreased significantly over the last few decades in most countries. The problem of bone loss after tooth extraction is well-known in dentistry, but unfortunately, it cannot be predicted at the time of tooth extraction. Several studies have shown that removable dentures on dental implants provide patients with better results than removable structures in terms of chewing efficiency, freedom from food restrictions, and dental health-related quality of life. In dental implant technology, alternative concepts in design and clinical solutions, such as small-diameter implants, have emerged and are of increasing clinical and scientific interest. Such designs have made it possible to avoid augmentation or other invasive jaw surgery in preparation for dental implantation, but the overall data on the results of their use is too small to form specific and weighted clinical recommendations. Dental mini-implants can be an excellent solution in specific clinical situations, but their use may be associated with a number of potential problems: implant fracture – mini-implants have a smaller diameter, which can make them more prone to fracture during increased occlusal loads, especially in the lateral areas of the dentition; impaired osseointegration – mini-implants have a reduced area of bone-implant contact, which can lead to weaker integration and negatively affect the survival of such designs; higher rejection rate – studies have shown that mini-implants have a higher percentage of rejection compared to standard implants, and it can reach from 6% to 13%; reduced mechanical properties – mini-implants, due to the peculiarities of their design, are unable to withstand high occlusal loads, so over time their linear stable deformations and fractures may occur; a more complex protocol of the orthopedic stage of treatment – the use of mini-implants as a support for larger prostheses, for example in the molar area, often requires several implants, which can complicate the overall course of rehabilitation.Conclusions. The future of dental mini-implants looks promising, given several achievements and trends that determine their further development. The outlined prospects and directions transform dental mini-implant technology into more effective, affordable, and convenient solutions for patients.

Actual status of endodontic instruments’ separation (fractures) problem (literature review)

2025-03-31T15:09:19+03:00

Introduction. Updating and objectifying the data on prevalence of endodontic instrument separation (fractures) within dental practice will facilitate the identification and analysis of peculiar relationships and trends, which can subsequently be used to formulate new research hypotheses in the context of implementing a comprehensive approach for the improvement of endodontic treatment, taking into account the functional and structural features of endodontic instruments.Objective of the research. To update and objectify data on the prevalence of endodontic instrument separation based on the results of literature data. Materials and methods. The primary search for target publications was provided through the Google Scholar service using the following set of keywords: «endodontics», «instrument», «file», «separation», «fracture», «prevalence» and «incidence». The following were used as criteria for selecting publications for the final sample, which were subject to detailed content analysis: 1) the target focus of the publication on the quantitative assessment of the prevalence and/or frequency of endodontic instruments’ separation cases; 2) publications only in English; 3) affiliation of the journal, in which the results of the scientific study were published, to the scientometric databases Scopus and/or Web of Science.Results and discussions. As a result of the analysis provided among prospective and retrospective studies, it was noted that the prevalence rates of endodontic instruments’ separation during root canal treatment did not differ significantly between such studies, and variations in these rates were not associated with the specific design of the analyzed studies. At the same time, a number of studies demonstrated a lack of detail and clarification regarding studied parameters, as well as some aspects related to incorrect interpretation of the results obtained, in particular: 1) the prevalence and incidence of endodontic instrument separation episodes were identified as similar, while such represent different criteria in terms of their calculation methodology; 2) there was no unified approach for the representation of prevalence and frequency of endodontic instrument separations at three separate levels: at the level of the studied cohort of patients; at the level of the studied cohort of endodontically treated teeth; at the level of the studied cohort of treated root canals; 3) assessment of the impact and significance of individual conditions and factors regarding the risk of endodontic instrument’s separation according to the majority of the analyzed studies was carried out based mainly on the uneven distribution of separation cases among the various studied groups or categories.Conclusions. Analysis of the results obtained from prospective and retrospective studies showed that the reported prevalence of endodontic instrument separation (fracture) is variable due to the heterogeneity of the data available for analysis and the approaches used for the collection and processing of such data. At the same time, most studies were consistent with a higher prevalence of endodontic instrument separation at the level of endodontically treated teeth than at the level of treated root canals. In addition, a higher proportion of endodontic instrument fracture episodes according to the consistent data of previous studies occurred in cases of treatment provided for molars, mesiobuccal canals, in the apical third, by doctors with insufficient targeted experience or in the process of acquiring specialized practical skills, and with the use of rotary instruments.

The improvement of quaternary ammonium antiseptics for healthcare and dentistry needs. A review

2025-03-31T15:15:37+03:00

Introduction. For a long time, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been the active ingredient of most antiseptics and disinfectants for healthcare and other sectors of economic activity. Surface-active QACs often combine disinfectant, wetting, foaming, and anticorrosive properties.Aim of the work: to analyze available sources of scientific and medical information related to the development and application of quaternary ammonium compounds in healthcare and dentistry.Materials and methods of the study. An information and patent search was conducted on the Internet on the websites of electronic libraries PubMed, MedLine, SciFinder, HEP Search, Jstor using the keywords "bi-quaternary ammoniums", "antiseptics", "antimicrobial agents", "ionic liquids" and "surfactants". The search depth was 10 years.Research results and their discussion. In nature, QACS can be found in a number of plant alkaloids, terpenoids, acetylenes, coumarins, etc. Considering the isomerism and easy modification of QACS, their antimicrobial, toxic and surface-active properties can be successfully changed by essential modifications of the molecular structure – changing the number of charged nitrogen atoms (mono-, bis-, multi-QACS), changing the structure of the "head" of the molecule (non-heterocyclic, heterocyclic, aromatic), types of bonds (aliphatic, aromatic, saturated, unsaturated, mixed, etc.) and the structure of the "tails" (saturated, unsaturated, branched, unbranched), the properties are also dramatically affected by the length of the aliphatic chains. A separate type of QACS modification is the replacement of a substituent molecule. In addition to reducing the toxic and irritating properties of QACS (while maintaining their antimicrobial and virucidal properties), a separate promising way to improve them has become the synthesis of "hybrid" substances by forming their complexes with previously known antimicrobial agents. For example, the combination of QACS with semi-synthetic penicillins. A separate promising direction for improving the introduction of QACS into medical practice is the development of polymeric QACS and their salts as ionic liquids of a new type. And this has opened a whole new direction in the development of new antimicrobial agents of local action. The inclusion of QACS in the composition of dental composite filling materials reduces the risk of biodegradation of composites, which increases the durability of dental restorations and prevents the development of secondary dental caries. The caries-static effect is realized through bacteriostatic and anti-biofilm-forming effects. The improvement of dental composite technology consists in fixing the QACS themselves as low-functional groups on methacrylate monomers. Epoxy-functionalized QACS are new directions of development. These compounds are combined with epoxy resins, which can subsequently be polymerized. Such QACS can be included in the composition of polymers and retain a long-term bacteriostatic effect.Conclusions: QACS are important substances for medical practice and dentistry in particular. The newest substances are promising antiseptics and antimicrobial agents that can be included in the composition of many types of medical devices. A progressive direction is the modification of epoxy resins and methacrylate monomers in dental composite materials by incorporating modified QACS into the structure.

Impact of the war against Russian military aggression on visits by the adult population to doctors-stomatologists and dentists in health care institutions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine

2025-03-31T15:23:50+03:00

Introduction. The war of Ukraine against Russian military aggression has negatively affected the health of the population and the healthcare system. At the same time, hostilities caused a significant migration of the population and a decrease in the level of health-preserving behavior.Objective: to study the impact of the war against Russian military aggression on the level of visits by the adult population to doctors-stomatologists and dentists in health care institutions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine in the context of the regions of the country.Materials and methods. Materials: in the cours of this study the official data of sectoral statistical reporting were used in the dynamics of 2020-2023: 2020, 2021 – pre-war period; 2022, 2023 – the period of war. Statistical data are taken from the territories controlled by Ukraine. Methods: medico-statistical and of structural-and-logical analysis.Results. In 2023, compared to 2020, the number of visits of the adult population to doctors-stomatologists and dentists in health care institutions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine decreased by 1.57 times and amounted to 7,047,496 visits. The highest levels of decrease were registered in the territory of Luhansk – 151.29 times, Kherson – 5.46 times, Zaporizhzhia – 3.53 times and Donetsk – 2.93 times regions. Per one adult resident, the number of these visits decreased by 1.5 times and amounted to 0.2. The function of the position per one occupied position of a stomatologist tended to decrease and in the industry amounted to 1611.5 appointments. At the same time, the share of primary visits increased by 1.7% and in 2023 amounted to 37.3%.Conclusions. In the course of the undertaken study, the negative impact of the war against Russian military aggression on the level of visits by the adult population to dentists and dentists in health care institutions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine was established. The highest level of decrease in the adult population's access to medical care to dentists was recorded in the zone of active hostilities and territories close to them.

Use of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 to correct the oral microbiome in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

2025-03-31T15:27:29+03:00

Topicality. The oral microbiome is vital for a child's health, as it is an important regulatory mechanism of homeostasis. Disruption of the balance in this ecological niche, caused by such a serious systemic disease as osteogenesis imperfecta, can lead to some dental diseases. Finding ways to correct oral dysbiosis and influence cariogenic and periodontal pathogenic bacteria in children with osteogenesis imperfecta is a pressing problem.The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 in correcting the oral microbiome in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.Materials and methods. The study was conducted with the participation of children aged 2 to 17 years with a diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta type III, in whom an increased level of oral cavity contamination with cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia was determined. The probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 was used as a drug to correct the oral microbiome.Results. In all children with osteogenesis imperfecta, before the start of taking the probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12, a borderline to high level of Streptococcus mutans contamination and the presence of first-order periodontal pathogens were detected, mainly in the form of monocultures in preclinical concentrations, which, against the background of low collagen quality in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, indicates a fairly high risk of developing caries and periodontal tissue diseases. One month after discontinuation of the probiotic strain Streptococcus salivarius K12, the level of Streptococcus mutans contamination in all children in both age groups decreased to normal levels, and the first-order periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was detected in preclinical concentrations in one young child.

Porcelain in dentistry

2025-03-31T15:31:15+03:00

Introduction. Modern dental ceramics, particularly porcelain, is the primary material for the production of dental prosthetics and veneer materials. Its unique properties, such as aesthetics, durability, and biocompatibility, make it a critical element of dental material science.Aim of the Study. To analyze the composition, properties, and applications of dental porcelain in prosthetic dentistry.Materials and Methods. The study involved a literature review and an analysis of the chemical composition, manufacturing techniques, and thermal processing of porcelain.Results and Discussion. The findings indicate that dental porcelain consists of kaolin, feldspar, quartz, and other additives, providing high transparency, wear resistance, and aesthetic appeal. The study examined firing temperature regimes that influence shrinkage and material shape retention. The key stages of porcelain production and its use in metal-ceramics were detailed. Conclusions. Dental porcelain is an optimal material for dental prosthetics due to its aesthetic and physicochemical properties. Further research is aimed at improving production technologies to minimize shrinkage and enhance mechanical stability.

Analysis of Awareness and Attitudes of the Adult Population Towards Urogenital System Diseases

2025-03-31T15:39:03+03:00

Introduction. Diseases of the genitourinary system are a significant medical and social issue, as they affect the quality of life, work capacity, and reproductive health of the population. They may go unnoticed due to a lack of awareness and insufficient preventive measures among the population, which is especially relevant for conditions such as sexually transmitted infections, injuries, polyps, bladder cancer, and chronic kidney diseases. Research Aim. The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness among men and women regarding urogenital system diseases, particularly bladder cancer and sexually transmitted infections, as well as their attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle, frequency of doctor visits, and risks associated with harmful habits and infections. Materials and Methods. The study employs a quantitative approach using sociological surveys as the main data collection method. A total of 196 individuals (98 men and 98 women) participated, with an average age of 31 years. Participants were categorized by various socio-demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were applied for data analysis. Research Results and Discussion. The results demonstrated that women are significantly more aware of urogenital system diseases and are more likely to undergo regular medical check-ups: 100% of women reported seeing specialists, with 50% visiting once a year and another 50% every six months. In contrast, only 5.1% of men visit a doctor annually, while 24.5% do so at least once every few years. Among men, 13.8% reported having experienced urogenital system diseases, whereas the prevalence among women was notably higher at 32.7%. The study also revealed a high prevalence of harmful habits, particularly smoking and alcohol consumption, among respondents, which increases the risk of urogenital diseases. Although most participants reside in urban areas, which provides better access to medical services, this does not always translate into better health outcomes. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the need to increase awareness among men about the importance of regular medical check-ups and preventive measures. It is also crucial to strengthen information campaigns regarding the risks of harmful habits that may lead to serious urogenital diseases. This can help improve public health and reduce the incidence of these conditions.

Perinatal factors and their impact on the development of psychoneurological disorders in children

2025-03-31T15:46:20+03:00

Introduction. The perinatal period is extremely important for human development and is marked by intensive processes of neurogenesis. It is at this time that the nervous system is critically vulnerable to various risk factors that can interfere with normal development and disrupt its functions. Objective. To determine the risk factors and to clarify the relationship between the course of the perinatal period and the occurrence of long-term consequences in children with psychoneurological conditions. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 45 outpatient records of children who underwent outpatient treatment and rehabilitation in the Centre for Comprehensive Rehabilitation for psychoneurological disorders was conducted. Clinical, anamnestic and analytical and statistical methods of research were used in the study. Results. Analysis of the perinatal period showed that most children were born from I-II pregnancies. The highest number of complications during pregnancy was observed in the group of children with cerebral palsy, where the threat of abortion, extragenital pathologies, colpitis and chorionamnionitis dominated. The births were mostly physiological, but often complicated by umbilical cord entanglement and weakness of labour. Among the prenatal risk factors for the development of psychoneurological conditions, the key ones are complicated pregnancy and childbirth. Profound prematurity is associated with cerebral palsy and congenital malformations of the nervous system, while late prematurity is more often associated with mental and behavioural disorders. An Apgar score of <3 is significantly correlated with the risk of cerebral palsy, while a score of 4-7 is associated with mental and behavioural disorders. In the neonatal period, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, congenital malformations and intrauterine infections were the most commonly diagnosed conditions, with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurring more frequently in children with cerebral palsy and congenital malformations of the nervous system, and intrauterine infections in children with cerebral palsy and mental disorders Conclusions. The perinatal period is critically important for the formation of a child's health, as it is at this time that key stages of development are completed and adaptation to extrauterine life begins. Exposure to adverse factors during this period can have long-term consequences for physical, cognitive and mental health, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring, timely diagnosis and prevention.

Epidemiology of gastric cancer in Ukraine from 2014–2022: Rate, sex and age

2025-03-31T15:51:11+03:00

Introduction. Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern, with 1.09 million cases and 769,000 deaths reported in 2020. Its prevalence is influenced by Helicobacter pylori infections, dietary habits, and healthcare disparities. Preventive measures have reduced incidence and mortality, although regional differences persist. East Asia has achieved progress through national screening programs, while lower-income regions, such as Eastern Europe, face ongoing challenges. Research aims. This study examined gastric cancer trends in Ukraine from 2014 to 2022, focusing on the total number of cases, gender distribution, and age demographics. Comparisons with global trends highlight areas for intervention. Materials and methods. Data were obtained from the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. Cases classified under ICD-10 were analysed for rate, sex and age. Trends were assessed using exponential regression and R² calculations with MedCalc® Software version 22.009. Results and discussion. The number of cancer cases in Ukraine fluctuated, peaking in 2019 before falling in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted screenings. Gastric cancer cases declined from 8,350 in 2014 to 5,401 in 2022, reflecting global trends driven by dietary improvements and reduced H. pylori infections. However, progress in Ukraine was slower due to limited screening access. Men consistently accounted for 61% of cases, mirroring global risk factors such as smoking and occupational exposure, while oestrogen may have offered women some protection. Patients over 45 comprised more than 94% of cases, consistent with global data showing an increased risk among older adults due to prolonged carcinogen exposure. Late diagnoses and limited access to specialised care worsened the outcomes for older patients. Conclusion. Gastric cancer trends in Ukraine show global progress as well as local challenges. Although incidence is declining, gender disparities and late-stage diagnoses persist. Expanding early detection, addressing healthcare inequalities and promoting preventive measures are vital to further reduce incidence and mortality.

Dependence of the diet of married students on their gender and place of residence

2025-03-31T15:54:50+03:00

Introduction. Quality and regimen are the determinants that affect the state of health and ensure a high level of student academic success. Objective: to study the diet of married students depending on their gender and place of residence. Materials and methods. Materials: the results of a sociological survey of 32 married students of Uzhhorod National University, of which 13 (40.6%) lived in a dormitory, 10 (31.3%) in rented apartments and 9 (28.1%) at home. Of the surveyed students, men accounted for 15 (46.9%), and women 17 (53.1%). Methods: bibliosemantic, sociological, medico-statistical, of structural-and-logical analysis. During the sociological research, the confidentiality of information about respondents was preserved. Results. A significant difference in the diet of married students depending on their gender has not been established. As for the dependence of the method of nutrition on the place of students’ residence, the following has been established: 92.3% of students living at home have breakfast all the time, and there are no such students among those who live in the dormitory at all; 70.0% of students living in the dormitory and 30.8% of those living at home have dinner after 8 p.m., and 40.0% and 7.7%, respectively, have constant snacks at night. Students living at home have a fairly balanced diet, including meat and dairy products, eggs, fish and vegetables and fruits. At the same time, the analysis of the data obtained does not allow us to talk about the balanced nutrition of students living in the dormitory. For students living at home and in a rented apartment, the main place to eat is meals at the place of residence with partial meals in catering establishments or delivery or use of lunch boxes; for students living in dormitories, in most cases, there is no definite clear system of diet as for its place. Fast food is consumed daily by 30.0% of students living in dormitories in the absence of this category among students living at home. 40.0% of students who live in the dormitory and 15.4% who live at home consume snacks and sugary carbonated drinks daily. At the same time, 40.0% of students living in the dormitory consume alcoholic beverages daily in the absence of this category among students with the other places of residence. Conclusions. It has been established that the gender and place of residence of married students affect the regimen, place, balanced diet and frequency of their consumption of certain foods and alcohol. Married students living at home have the most rational eating style.

Anti-corruption aspects of forensic dentistry in Ukraine

2025-03-31T15:58:26+03:00

Introduction. The article examines the anti-corruption aspects of forensic dental examination. The main risks of corruption offenses in the field of forensic dental examination are analyzed, measures to eliminate them and the expected results of the implementation of such measures are considered. Special attention is paid to the issues of comparative analysis of anti-corruption aspects of forensic dental examination in international practice and Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state and features of forensic dental examination in Ukraine in the context of preventing corruption risks and ensuring transparency of expert activities. Materials and methods: the object of the study was the system of forensic dentistry in Ukraine, the subject – anti-corruption risks arising in the process of conducting the examination. The study was based on an analysis of the national legislation of Ukraine, international standards of forensic medicine, scientific publications and data on technological innovations in forensic dentistry practice. A systematic approach, comparative analysis and methods of expert evaluation were used. The search for articles and other scientific works published in English and Ukrainian was carried out on the Internet using the electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Research results: the conducted study reveals important aspects of the relationship between corruption risks and the processes of forensic dental examination in the Ukrainian legal system. The main results of the study are: identification of systemic shortcomings in the organization of forensic dental examination, which create prerequisites for corruption manifestations, establishment of the main corruption risks in the field of forensic dental identification, proposals for a set of anti-corruption measures, identification of promising areas for improving the forensic dental examination system and analysis of innovative strategies aimed at individualizing treatment, preventing the occurrence of diseases and predicting their course in dentistry. Conclusions from the study. To prevent corruption in the field of forensic dental expertise, it is advisable to propose the following measures – strengthening the transparency of forensic dental expertise, strengthening the independence of experts, effective quality control of expertise with increased responsibility of experts for the reliability of conclusions and conducting regular audits, improving material and technical support, regular advanced training of experts and the introduction of innovative research methods.

Expectations of combatants regarding the responsiveness of the healthcare system to their needs during rehabilitation

2025-03-31T16:04:12+03:00

A sustainable healthcare system is the foundation of social well-being and a key factor in achieving the sustainable development goals of nations, particularly during times of military conflict. Armed conflicts present significant challenges to healthcare systems, especially in terms of their ability to respond sensitively to the needs of military personnel during comprehensive rehabilitation. Objective: To evaluate the expectations of combatants regarding the responsiveness of the regional healthcare system to their needs during rehabilitation and to identify key opportunities for improving the patient-centeredness of rehabilitation services. Materials and Methods. The study included 49 combatants undergoing rehabilitation in healthcare facilities in Dnipro, Ukraine. A sociological research method was used, involving standardized interviews with a questionnaire based on the components of responsiveness defined by the World Health Organization, assessed using a ten-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and R Commander (version 4.2.1) with descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including correlation-regression analysis. Data were summarized through weighted averages and their confidence intervals (CI). Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results and Discussion. The average score for healthcare system responsiveness during the rehabilitation of combatants ranged from 8.2 (95% CI 7.5–8.8) for freedom of choice of healthcare providers to 9.8 (95% CI 9.6–10.0) for respect for patient dignity. The most consistent ratings were observed in the components of respect for dignity, confidentiality, and quality of living conditions. The overall level of responsiveness of the healthcare system during rehabilitation was rated at 8.9 (95% CI 8.6–9.2). Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between various elements of responsiveness, such as respect for dignity, confidentiality, timeliness of care, and access to social support (r=0.30 ÷ 0.70; p<0.05). Linear regression analysis confirmed that the key determinants of healthcare system responsiveness were respect for patient dignity, confidentiality, and the quality of living conditions. Conclusions. The study demonstrated a high demand among combatants for a patient-centered rehabilitation system that ensures respect for dignity, quality living conditions, effective communication, confidentiality, and access to social support.

Algorithm for preparing the primary health care system for the provision of comprehensive oncological medical care to the population

2025-03-31T16:11:18+03:00

Introduction. In the health care system of Ukraine, medical care for the population with malignant neoplasms is being integrated into the level of primary medical care. Objective: to develop an algorithm for preparing the primary health care system for the provision of comprehensive oncological medical care to the population in modern conditions. Materials and methods. Materials: expert definition of types of medical care for the population with oncological pathology, which should be provided at the primary level of medical care by independent experts. 7 oncologists and 12 family doctors acted as the experts. During the study, the confidentiality of information about experts was preserved. Legislative framework of Ukraine on this issue. Methods: bibliosemantic, of expert assessments, medico-statistical (calculation of relative indicators based on the results of examination) and of structural-and-logical analysis. Results. Experts have determined that the following types of oncological medical care should be provided at the primary level: communication with the adult population on the formation of a healthy lifestyle, health-preserving behavior and prevention of malignant neoplasms; formation among the population adherence to a motivated responsible attitude to personal health and the health of family members, as well as adherence to undergoing targeted oncological preventive examinations; conducting targeted oncological preventive examinations of the population to identify forms of visual localization at the early stages of the development of malignant neoplasms; referral of the population with suspected malignant neoplasms along optimal medical routes to the level of specialized oncological care; medical supervision of patients with malignant neoplasms after specialized treatment in specialized health care institutions; providing patients with malignant neoplasms in the terminal stages of development with palliative care; psychological support for patients with malignant neoplasms and their family members. In order to prepare the primary care system for this type of activity, tasks for all participants in the process and at the levels of their management are defined. Conclusions. The algorithm for preparing the primary health care system for the provision of comprehensive oncological medical care to the population with an expert definition of the types of medical care for the population with oncological pathology that should be provided at the primary level of medical care and tasks in this area of activity by levels of management and participants in the process is presented.

Personalized approach in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: prospects for the use of pharmabiotics

2025-03-31T15:35:34+03:00

Introduction. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastroenterological disease characterized by chronic functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. Traditional treatment methods, such as dietary modification, drug regulation of intestinal peristalsis, or antidepressants, are not always effective. Therefore, there is growing interest in alleviating IBS symptoms by influencing the gut microbiome with probiotics – live microorganisms that help restore the balance of the gut microbiota. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of pharmabiotics in alleviating IBS symptoms and improving patients' quality of life by restoring the balance of the gut microbiota.Materials and methods. The study material was stool samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Microbiological analysis was performed using quantitative methods of culture on nutrient media, with the subsequent identification of isolated microorganisms. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method was used to confirm and clarify the results. Individual selection of pharmaceutical preparations was based on the determination of antagonism between microorganisms isolated from the biomaterial and pharmabiotics. Results and discussion. The study showed that the most common subtype of IBS is the diarrhea-predominant type (IBS-D), diagnosed in 61% of patients. The disease was more common in women, and the average age of patients varied depending on the subtype of IBS, with a tendency towards an older age group in mixed-type IBS (IBS-M). Significant differences in the dominance of microorganisms in the gut microbiota were also found depending on the subtype of IBS.Conclusions. The results of the study emphasize the importance of an individual approach to the correction of the gut microbiota. For IBS-C, an effective pharmabiotic composition Lactobacillus bulgaricus S6 and L. rhamnosus S25; for IBS-D – L. bulgaricus A6 and L. bulgaricus S6; and for IBS-M – L. bulgaricus A22 and L. rhamnosus S25. The use of pharmabiotics can significantly reduce IBS symptoms and improve patients' quality of life.

Characteristics of Energy Supply for Muscular Activity in Young Males from Mountainous and Lowland Regions of Zakarpattia

2025-03-31T15:44:10+03:00

Introduction. In scientific literature, there is limited data on anaerobic performance in individuals of different age groups. Modern studies on human functional capabilities indicate significant differences among representatives of various morphological types. Considering that physical health is viewed not only as the current state of the body but also as its potential capabilities (aerobic and anaerobic performance) [3, 7, 14], it is essential to examine the peculiarities of its manifestation in individuals of different somatotypes. The geographical factor, which causes substantial differences in its expression, must also be taken into account; hence, its influence on physical health should be studied [1, 2, 5, 6], particularly the development levels of anaerobic alactate and lactate energy supply systems for muscular activity. Therefore, for an objective assessment of the indicators determining physical health, it is necessary to identify the degree of variation in these indicators among the population living in the mountainous and lowland areas of Zakarpattia.The purpose is to explore the features of anaerobic alactate and lactate energy supply modes for muscular activity among young males of different somatotypes residing in the mountain and lowland regions of Zakarpattia.Methodology and methods of research. In the study, 236 young males from the postpubertal period of ontogenesis, residing in Zakarpattia's mountainous and lowland regions participated. To obtain objective data on functional capabilities, the study selected young males with no prior experience in sports. All participants were categorized by somatotype using the methods of caliperometry and anthropometry, according to the methodology of J. Carter and B. Heath [6]. All anaerobic tests (WAnT 10, WAnT 30, and PPO) were conducted using the method of cycle ergometry, following the Wingate anaerobic test [2] and the test developed by Shogy A. and Cherebetin G. [20]. Statistical analysis of the research data was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheets.Results and discussion. After determining the somatotype of young males from the mountainous regions, we found that the largest group of mountain youth was of the endomorph somatotype (33.9%), while the smallest group was of the ectomorph somatotype (4.8%). Among the young males from the lowland areas, the most numerous group was represented by those with the mesomorph somatotype (49.1%), while the smallest group was of the ectomorph somatotype (6.3%).Comparing the results of anaerobic tests in the young males from the mountainous and lowland regions of Zakarpattia, regardless of body composition and somatotype, we observed that the WAnT 10 result was significantly higher in the mountain youth by 11.4%, and the WAnT 30 by 17.3% respectively (p<0.01). For the relative PPO value, no statistically significant differences were found between the young males from the mountainous and lowland regions (p>0.05).It was established that young males of different somatotypes significantly differ in the development of the anaerobic energy supply mode for muscular activity. Among the young males, regardless of the region of residence, those with the mesomorph and mesoectomorph somatotypes showed the highest levels of aerobic performance in terms of relative WAnT 10, WAnT 30, and PPO. These individuals had a morphological type with a predominance of muscle component and a relative deficiency in the fat component.Conclusions. It was established that anaerobic performance in young males of different morphological types from the mountainous and lowland regions of Zakarpattia significantly differs. The data indicate that the power of the anaerobic alactate and lactate energy supply systems is better developed in young men of those somatotypes where the muscle component predominates. The lowest values in anaerobic test results were observed in young endomesomorphs from both lowland and mountainous regions, where the fat component predominates. We associate these low values with the fact that a significant fat component acts as a ballast during physical exertion in hypoxic conditions.

Enterococcus bacteria in inflammatory diseases of the oral soft tissues and determination of their sensitivity to antibiotics according to EUCAST

2025-03-31T15:50:29+03:00

The constantly increasing rates of development of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms determine the relevance of implementing the principles of rational antibiotic therapy and unification of methods for studying antibiotic sensitivity according to European protocols. The work carried out microbiological analysis of samples, selected cultures of bacteria of the genus Enterococcus from patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and determined the sensitivity of enterococci to antibacterial drugs according to the protocols of EUCAST.The aim of the work was to assess the persistence of enterococci in conditions of inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, as well as to determine the level of antibiotic resistance of enterococci according to EUCAST in order to optimize therapeutic approaches.Antibioticogram studies showed that Enterococcus faecium exhibited a high level of sensitivity to fluoroquinolones, vancomycin and a high level of resistance to amoxicillin, and even amoxicillin/clavulanate and amoxicillin/sulbactam. A higher level of sensitivity to antibiotics was characteristic of Enterococcus faecalis, so 67.0% of Enterococcus faecalis and only 47.0% of Enterococcus faecium were sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanate.The results of the study confirmed the significant prevalence of enterococci in the microbiocenosis of the inflamed area, which indicates their role in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. A high frequency of resistance of enterococci to a number of antibiotics was established, which justifies the need for a personalized approach to therapy. The data obtained can be used to improve methods of treatment and prevention of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.It has been shown that the sensitivity assessment of enterococci isolated from the focus of the infectious-inflammatory process of the oral cavity is effective according to the EUCAST criteria, which is associated with the species specificity of genotypic resistance of different species of this genus to antibiotics. The appointment of antimicrobial treatment taking into account the EUCAST criteria makes it impossible to prescribe an ineffective antimicrobial agent.

Cortisol level as a biomarker of the body's stress state in conditions of periodontitis

2025-03-31T15:57:05+03:00

Introduction. Periodontitis is a common oral disease accompanied by chronic inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth. Microbiological factors, genetic predisposition and hormonal background play an important role in its development. Cortisol, as a marker of the stress response, affects the immune system and inflammatory processes in the periodontium. Determining its level in oral fluid helps monitor the activity of inflammation, which is important for early diagnosis and optimization of treatment of periodontitis of the II–III degree.The purpose. To assess the dynamics of cortisol levels in the oral fluid of patients with stage II-III periodontitis and to establish the relationship between changes in this hormone and clinical indicators of the state of periodontal tissues.Materials and methods. The research methods included clinical examination (assessment of the condition of the oral cavity using the Plaque Index and Gingival Index hygiene indices), radiological method (analysis of the condition of the alveolar bone), probing (measurement of periodontal pockets), biochemical analysis (determination of cortisol levels in oral fluid by ELISA method, reagents of Hema LLC) and statistical analysis (data processing in Statistica and Excel 2019 using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis methods).Research results. The selection of patients was carried out in compliance with the principle of anonymity on the basis of the university dental clinic of the State Higher Educational Institution "UzhNU" and included 31 people aged 25–60 years with diagnosed periodontitis of the II-III degree. For comparison, a control group of 12 people of the same age range without signs of periodontal pathology was formed. All participants underwent a study of the level of cortisol in the oral fluid with subsequent analysis of the obtained indicators. In the control group, the average cortisol values were 1.41 nmol/l, while in patients with acute periodontitis of the II degree – 6.15–5.12 nmol/l. In the chronic course of periodontitis of the II degree, the cortisol level varied within 3.35–4.17 nmol/l, while in the chronic course of periodontitis of the III degree the indicators were 2.35–2.56 nmol/l. The results obtained indicate a significant increase in cortisol levels in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases compared to control values, which may indicate the role of stress factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.Conclusions. The study showed that patients with stage II-III periodontitis have significantly higher levels of cortisol in their oral fluid, indicating a systemic stress response. A correlation was found between cortisol levels and clinical signs of periodontitis, confirming its effect on inflammation. Cortisol dynamics can serve as a biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring the disease. Elevated cortisol emphasizes the role of stress in pathogenesis, which requires a comprehensive approach to treatment.