DYNAMICS OF FUNCTIONAL STATE INDICATORS IN WOMEN AGED 20–30 DURING PARTICIPATION IN VARIOUS TYPES OF FITNESS TRAINING

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the dynamics of functional state indicators in women aged 20–30 during six months of systematic mixed strength and functional fitness training. The study involved 17 practically healthy women of reproductive age who followed a training program for 24 weeks, four sessions per week, each lasting 60–75 minutes. The program combined multi-joint strength exercises of moderate intensity (60–75% of the estimated maximum, 3–4 sets of 8–15 repetitions) with interval functional complexes of metabolic orientation. Functional state assessment was carried out before the experiment and after completion of the training cycle using standardized methods. The following indicators were measured: resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Ruffier index, Martine test parameters, vital lung capacity, physical working capacity according to the PWC170 test, heart rate variability, and estimated maximal oxygen consumption. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric methods, including Student’s t-test with a significance level of p < 0,05–0,01. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in most functional state indicators. A significant decrease in resting heart rate and blood pressure values was observed (p < 0,05), indicating improved cardiac efficiency and vascular regulation. The Ruffier index and recovery time in the Martine test significantly decreased (p < 0,01), reflecting enhanced tolerance to physical loads and accelerated recovery processes. A significant increase in vital lung capacity (p < 0,05), physical working capacity, and maximal oxygen consumption (p < 0,01) was recorded. Heart rate variability also significantly increased (p < 0,01), indicating optimization of autonomic regulation and expansion of adaptive reserves. The overall findings confirm that a six-month mixed strength and functional fitness program provides a systemic positive effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, increases physical performance, and stabilizes autonomic balance in women aged 20–30. The most pronounced changes were observed in cardiorespiratory productivity and autonomic regulation, demonstrating the comprehensive adaptive effect of combined training. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the proposed mixed fitness model for scientifically grounded enhancement of functional capacities, individualization of training loads, and optimization of health-oriented programs in the modern fitness industry