MAIN MORTALITY TRENDS AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE IN UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2077-6594.4.1.2021.246997Keywords:
children under 5 years of age, mortality, mortality rate, mortality structure, infant mortalityAbstract
Purpose. To establish the main trends in the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Ukraine, its main differences in comparison with some developed countries of the world, and also to study the age, sex, causal and regional structure of the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.
Materials and methods. The object of the study was the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Ukraine and its dynamics. When performing the work, the following research methods were used: systematic approach and systemic analysis, epidemiological, biostatistical, medicо-statistical.
Results. According to the results of the study, a significant decrease in the overall mortality rate of children under 5 years of age, the mortality rate of boys and the mortality rate of girls were established, while the chances of boys dying before the age of 5 years remain higher than those of girls. The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age is significantly higher than that in the developed countries of the world. The prolongation of significant differences between individual administrative territories in the values of the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age was revealed, which is confirmed by the practically unchanged values of the interquartile range. In a quarter of the regions in which the proportional mortality rate is more than 164.5 (per 100 thousand), there are increased risks of death of children, of which some of the deaths are potentially preventable. In the age structure of the mortality rate among children under 5 years of age, deaths of children under 1 year of age prevail. The leading places in the causal structure of mortality among children under 5 years of age are occupied by: maternal conditions associated with pregnancy and neonatal disorders; other non-communicable diseases; unintentional injury. The mortality rate among children of this age has increased due to self-harm and interpersonal violence, other infectious diseases, neoplasms, neurological disorders, diseases of the digestive system, intestinal infections, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections, and malnutrition.
Conclusions. The analysis of the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Ukraine showed a reliable trend towards a decrease in its level during 2014-2018. The general mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Ukraine continues to significantly exceed that of some developed countries of the world, other mortality rates (by age, sex, cause of death, regional death rates) remain virtually unchanged.
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