Sociological research medical and social problems of eye trauma in the Zacarpatian region

Abstract

The purpose of the work: to determine the state of organization and quality of specialized medical care in the Zakarpatian region for patients with traumatic eye injuries and the level of their quality of life after the injury. Materials and methods. Data from a sociological study among 469 patients with traumatic eye injuries who received medical care in specialized institutions of the Zakarpatian region during 2021-2023. Sociological and medical-statistical research methods were used. The results. The respondents identified the causes of their injuries, among which the vast majority were household injuries (75.48±1.99 per 100 respondents), industrial injuries (14.50±1.62) and sports injuries and injuries as a result of traffic accidents (8.74±1.30) and the time that passed from the moment of receiving an injury to seeking specialized medical care. 94.24±1.07 out of 100 respondents sought specialized medical help in the first 6 hours after receiving the injury, which is extremely important for preventing further complications and preserving vision. More than half of the surveyed patients (57.14±2.28 per 100 surveyed) received therapeutic treatment from a specialist doctor. 99.79±0.21 per 100 surveyed patients are satisfied with the availability of medical care from ophthalmologists. Of the positive qualities of diagnosis and treatment for injuries received, 94.24±1.07 per 100 interviewed patients noted the timeliness of examination and treatment, 3.41±0.84 – attentive attitude of medical personnel, 1.92±0.63 – improvement of condition health or recovery and 0.43±0.30 – recommendations for medical and social rehabilitation, which was carried out in 36.03±2.73% of patients. The main areas of medical and social rehabilitation identified by patients with traumatic eye injuries were – restoration of visual function (19.40±1.82 per 100 respondents), provision of regular medical examinations – 18.34±1.79, provision of psychological support – 13, 86±1.59, installation of an eye prosthesis – 10.03±1.39, and education and provision of information to patients about their injury, recovery process and eye care recommendations – 5.97±1.09. The vast majority of patients (64.60±2.21 per 100 respondents) identified the level of quality of life as high, 14.07±1.60 respondents as average, and 21.33±1.89 respondents as low. Respondents determined the main negative consequences of eye injuries to be depression of emotional state and deterioration of mental health (27.50±2.06), decrease in daily activity and professional skills (22.81±1.94), limitations in work and everyday life (16 .63±1.72) and the deterioration of social relations and the ability to communicate (16.63±1.72), which requires specialized specialists to provide patients with traumatic eye injuries with medical and social support using all resources for full recovery and return to an active and satisfying life. Conclusions. The conducted sociological research determined that the main criteria for the quality and effectiveness of medical institutions that provide specialized care to patients with traumatic eye injuries are assessment of patient satisfaction, accessibility, quality level and effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation, prevention of eye injuries and psychosocial support of patients. It is extremely important to ensure the quality and effectiveness of medical care for patients with traumatic eye injuries, to prevent further complications and to preserve vision, is the timely referral of patients for specialized medical care. The importance of medical rehabilitation of patients with traumatic eye injuries is defined, the main areas of which are the restoration of visual function, constant monitoring of the patient’s visual health, psychological support, installation of an eye prosthesis, education and information of patients regarding their injury, the recovery process and recommendations for eye care. The main negative consequences of received eye injuries, which significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and require their provision of medical and social support using all possible resources for full recovery and return to an active and satisfactory life, are their impact on daily activities and professional skills, certain limitations in work and life after the injury, social relations and the ability to communicate and changes in the emotional state and mental health of patients.