METHODS OF CONDUCT OF PHYSICAL EXPERIMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

Abstract

The demonstration method of teaching physics is one of the key components of the learning process in secondary school. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the peculiarities of demonstration experiments in school physics education. It examines innovative approaches applied in Hungarian secondary schools and their potential implementation in domestic educational practice. The use of physical models and mock-ups is highlighted as a leading tool of visual learning: visual representation of abstract phenomena (such as fields, forces, or atomic structure) helps students better understand complex concepts. The application of specialized equipment for demonstration experiments enables students to observe physical laws directly, which significantly enhances motivation and develops experimental skills. The paper also addresses key aspects of using information technologies–simulations, virtual laboratories, and software–as they increase the efficiency, precision, and accessibility of experiments. A special focus is given to active student participation, as methods that encourage independence and critical thinking promote deeper understanding. The teacher acts as a mentor, organizing experimental activities and supporting an individual approach to each learner. Ultimately, the diversity of methods for conducting physical experiments contributes to improving education quality, developing student skills, and shaping a scientific worldview, while the integration of modern technologies makes learning physics more accessible and effective.