Fahr’s disease: literature review and clinical case
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2077-6594/2023.2/13Keywords:
Fahr’s disease, disturbance of calcium-phosphorus metabolismAbstract
Aim is to describe a clinical case of a rare disease – Fahr’s disease and to conduct an analysis of literature data related to this pathology. Materials and methods. This article describes a clinical case and analyzes the literature describing this pathology. The research was conducted on the basis of the Diamed MC. The patient underwent a general clinical examination, a neuroimaging examination, a neuropsychological examination using a battery of tests for the assessment of cognitive functions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, a functional examination using a scale for assessing muscle strength, and a modified Ashworth spasticity scale. The literature review covers articles from 1971 to 2023 from sources such as MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus. Search queries included various terms and their combinations: ’Far’s disease’, ’disorder of calcium-phosphorus metabolism’, ’basal ganglia calcification’, ’treatment of calcification’. The analysis included literature reviews, ’case-based reviews’ and descriptions of clinical cases. 45 sources with documented cases of calcification were selected, of which 29 published in English are analyzed in the article. Results: description of a clinical case. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it was established that Fahr’s disease is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of calcium and iron in various parts of the brain. The etiology of Fahr’s disease has not been studied enough. The basis of the pathogenesis is a violation of metabolism, in particular, phosphorus-calcium metabolism. Computer tomography of the brain is the main diagnostic method that allows detecting foci of calcinosis in the brain tissue. Patients need to take measures to improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism to prevent further formation of calcifications in the brain tissue.
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