Effectiveness of rehabilitation in acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The aim of the study is to substantiate scientifically and develop a comprehensive rehabilitation programme for acute respiratory disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods. We have examined 7 patients aged 51 – 62 years with acute respiratory disease is caused by SARSCoV- 2. The following biomedical methods of research were used: clinical and instrumental (goniometry, respiratory rate, tonometry, chest excursion, pulse oximetry); functional tests (Stange test, Genchi test, modified Borg scale); subjective methods of research (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS), Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D)). Results of the study. The main complaints of patients on the first day of hospitalisation were pain, dizziness, weakness, sleep disorders, anxiety and depression. During the acute phase, haemodynamic parameters were significantly higher than normal, and respiratory system parameters were lower, respectively. The ability of individuals to withstand physical activity according to the modified Borg scale is 5.57 points, which corresponds to the degree of dyspnoea – "difficult". The level of quality of life has significantly decreased, especially in terms of mobility, self-care and household activity. A comprehensive rehabilitation programme for SARS-CoV-2 was developed, which included structural components of kinesiotherapy. At the end of a long-term rehabilitation period, the cardiorespiratory system indicators were as close to normal as possible, indicating an improvement in the functional state of the cardiovascular system, elimination of pulmonary fibrosis and restoration of pulmonary function. Conclusions. In the formative part of the study, positive changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system, elimination of pulmonary fibrosis and restoration of pulmonary function were confirmed. There were good dynamics of indicators of self-perception of physical activity, such as dyspnoea/fatigue 3.14 points ("moderate load") in the post-acute period and 0.71 points ("very light") at the end of the long-term period. There was an absence of pronounced symptoms of anxiety/depression, pain, full recovery of mobility, self-care skills and activities of daily living.