The mineral composition of the hard tissues of the teeth as a detector of the general state of the body

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of the study. To analyze the data of literary sources on the study of the relationship between the mineral composition of the hard tissues of the teeth and the general state of the body. Research materials and methods: scientific publications of researchers on specific topics; the bibliographic-semantic method and structural-logical analysis were used. The results. In the human body, 99% of its elemental composition is represented by such components as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine and fluorine. In turn, more than 90% of the chemical composition of living cells consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. The mineral composition of the hard tissues of healthy teeth is in dynamic equilibrium throughout life, the physical properties of tooth enamel and dentin change with age, in particular, the likely difference in hardness, modulus of elasticity and fragility indicators, which also affects the mechanical and physiological characteristics of all tooth tissues and the functioning of the tooth as an organ in general. In the course of the conducted research, it was proved that the concentration of all metals (Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Pb, K, Cr) in the tissues of temporary teeth decreases with age (p≤0.05). According to the results of the conducted correlation and cluster analysis, the participation of lead, iron, manganese and chromium ions in the formation of the copper content in the hard tissues of temporary teeth was recognized. However, despite the fact that certain elements are present in small amounts in the enamel and dentin of teeth, their absence can disrupt the healthy development of enamel and dentin and lead to defects in the development of teeth, as well as caries. In addition, excessive consumption of some trace elements can adversely affect the development and health of teeth. Researchers have found that lead ions replace calcium, as well as calcium and phosphorus in bone mineral crystals, causing hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, meaning lead is considered a caries-promoting element. The exact impact of micronutrients on dental and oral health is still unknown. To determine the chemical composition of the hard tissues of the teeth, methods of physicochemical analysis are used, in particular: atomic, force, scanning, electronic, infrared, optical microscopy, electronic microprobing, mass spectrometry, thermoderivatography, infrared spectroscopy. The results of a spectral study of the hard tissues of the teeth will help to choose a filling material the material, taking into account its adhesive properties, which will improve the long-term results of caries treatment and the quality of the performed restoration works. Conclusion. A reasonable approach to the study of the elementary composition of enamel and dentin at different levels in teeth with caries and lesions of periodontal tissues is of significant scientific interest.