Clinical prognosis of teeth adjacent to prosthetic restorations supported by intraosseous titanium dental implants

Abstract

Introduction. Prosthetic rehabilitation supported by dental implants helps to increase the level of patient's dental status’ functional capabilities which may be compromised by partial edentia, however, the safety profile of such approach has not yet been objectified in relation to the trajectory of changes within the projection of the patient's natural teeth considering dento-alveolar system’s adaptive remodeling due to the formulated occlusion and the distribution of forces among the prosthetic elements supported by titanium intraosseous fixtures.Objective of the research. To analyze changes in teeth adjacent to prosthetic restorations supported by dental implants, and to determine the potential impact of dental implantation and prosthetic rehabilitation supported by dental implants as factors that can potentially be associated with the clinical prognosis of the patient's residual natural dentition.Materials and methods. The search for target publications was carried out through the PubMed Central website. The following keywords were used to form descriptors during the search: «dental implant», «adjacent», «tooth», «implant restoration», «implant supported prosthetics», «dental caries», «tooth loss», «tooth survival», «prognosis».Results and discussions. As a result of the literature review, it was possible to establish that the fact of implantation and the placement of an intraosseous fixture itself do not demonstrate a pronounced effect on the prognosis of the functioning of teeth adjacent to the area of implantation, but only on condition that a sufficient distance was maintained between the implant structure and the root wall. However, further fixation of the prosthetic restoration on an intraosseous fixture is associated with the development of the proximal contact loss phenomenon (more pronounced on the mesial side of restoration based on dental implant), an increase in the risk of caries development within the adjacent tooth and an increase in the likelihood of endodontic treatment need for such.Conclusions. Taking into account that the most changes in the structure of natural teeth adjacent to crowns and dentures supported by dental implants occur only after fixation of the prosthetic restoration on the intraosseous fixture, and not immediately after implant placement, it can be summarized that the prognosis of the natural teeth condition depends on the adequacy of the formed prosthetic profile of the implant supported crown, the distance between the root and the dental implant, the existing conditions for ensuring proper hygienic control, as well as on the severity of remodeling and possible reactive changes within the soft tissues and bone in the projection of the proximal contact, which is directly related to the above-mentioned factors, as well as to the duration of the implant supported restoration functioning, as a component of the prognosis.