THE STATE OF PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF ORAL FLUID IN CONDITIONS OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DISEASES IN CHILDREN AGED 12–15 YEARS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-7684/2025-4-3Keywords:
children, chronic catarrhal gingivitis, protective mechanisms of oral fluid, lysozyme, immunoglobulins sIgA, IgA and IgGAbstract
Introduction. Oral fluid contains numerous components with antibacterial activity that counteract microbial agents and thus maintain a stable oral microbiome. The activity of these components allows predicting the state of local protection and assessing the balance between pro- and antibacterial factors, which is crucial in the development of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues.The aim of the study was to investigate the local protective components of oral fluid as a key pathogenetic factor in the development of periodontal tissue diseases in children aged 12–15 years living in the city of Chernivtsi.To achieve this goal, 67 children aged 12–15 living in Chernivtsi were examined: 35 children with healthy teeth and 32 children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. The gender distribution of children in the groups was the same. The content of sIgA, IgA, IgG was determined by the simple radial diffusion method in agar according to G. Manchini, and lysozyme activity was determined by the method of G. Gorin, modified by A.P. Levitsky and O.O. Zhigina. Descriptive statistics methods were used.Studies have shown that children with periodontal tissue pathology had a 31.52% decrease in lysozyme activity (p<0.05) and a 12.5% decrease in sIgA concentration, accompanied by a 5.0% increase in IgA and a 6.7% increase in IgG in oral fluid. Conclusions. Thus, children aged 12–15 years with chronic catarrhal gingivitis had a significant decrease in lysozyme levels in oral fluid compared to their dentally healthy peers. Regarding immunoglobulin content, there was a tendency towards a decrease in sIgA levels and an increase in IgA and IgG levels.
References
Reyzvikh OE., Ivanov VS., Dyenha OV., Sukhomeylo DO., Shnayder SA. Analiz nadannya stomatolohichnoyi dopomohy dytyachomu naselennyu v umovakh viysʹkovoho stanu. Stomatological Bulletin. 2023;122(1):31-38.
Khomenko LO., Bidenko NV., Ostapko OI., Holubyeva IM. Dytyacha parodontolohiya: stan problem u sviti ta Ukrayini. Dentistry news. 2016;3(88):67-71.
Kaskova LF., Berezhna OE., Novikova SV. Problemy vynyknennya khronichnoho kataralʹnoho hinhivitu u ditey ta shlyakhy yikh vyrishennya. Poltava: TOV NVP «Ukrpromtorhservis», 2015:86.
Sağlam G, Dağ A. Gingival and periodontal diseases in children. Journal of Dental Sciences and Education. 2023;1(2):55-60. Available from: https://journal-jdse.com/upload/article/JDSE-2023-0000017_Publish.pdf
Al-Ghutaimel H, Riba H, Al-Kahtani S, Al-Duhaimi S. Common periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Int J Dent. Volume 2014. Art ID 850674. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/850674
He J, Cheng L, Rastelli AN de S, Deng D. Oral bacteria: Friends and foes? Pathogens. 2023;12(11):1319. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/11/1319
Xiao J, Fiscella KA, Gill SR. Oral microbiome: possible harbinger for children’s health. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):1-13. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41368-020-0082-x
Dent SC, Berger SM, Griffin JS. Biocultural pathways linking periodontal disease expression to food insecurity, immune dysregulation, and nutrition. Am J Hum Biol. 2021;33(2):e23549. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23549.
Lamont RJ, Burne RA, Lantz MS, & LeBlanc DJ. (Eds.). Oral Microbiology and Immunology. ASM Press. 2006.
Kuznetsova LV, Babadzhan VD, Frolov VM. Klinichna ta laboratorna imunolohiya. Kyiv: OOO «Polygraph Plus»; 2012:922
Li W, Shang Q, Yang D, Peng J, Zhao H, Xu H, et al. Abnormal micronutrient intake is associated with the risk of periodontitis: A dose-response association study based on NHANES 2009-2014. Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2466. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122466
Alanazi LM, Alturaif DJ, Alhassan MH, Alshahrani AMS, Al-Ghamdi RJS, Shabi MMA, et al. Effect of parental history of periodontal disease on children. Saudi J Oral Dent Res. 2022;7(8):192-200. Available from: https://saudijournals.com/media/ articles/SJODR_78_192-200.pdf [in English].
Guha Biswas P, Mohan A, Kandaswamy E. Treatment of periodontitis affecting human primary teeth – A systematic review. Dent J. 2023;11(7):171. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/11/7/171 [in English].
Triantafyllia V, Georgios T. Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents affected by systemic disorders – A literature review. Int J Oral Dent Health. 2018;4(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.23937/2469-5734/1510055 [in English].
Hodovanetsʹ OI, Kitsak TS. Stan tkanyn parodonta u ditey pidlitkovoho viku z urakhuvannyam zahalʹnosomatychnoho chynnyka. Clinical and experimental pathology. 2022;2(80):45-49. https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-4338.XXI.2.80.2022.08
Popovych ZB, Rozhko MM, Chubiy IZ, Kukurudz NI. Ekolohiya ta stomatolohichne zdorovya naselennya Ukrayiny: prychynno-naslidkovyy zvyazok. [Ecology and dental health of the population of Ukraine: cause and effect relationship]. Actual Dentistry. 2022;1-2:42-46.
