Dynamics of calcium-phosphorus metabolism in blood serum of experimental animals with modeled osteoporosis after dental implantation

Abstract

Introduction. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is ranked fourth among common diseases on Earth, following cardiovascular, oncological, and endocrine diseases. To date, the issue of osseointegration of dental implants in case of general pathology of the body has not been fully clarified. In this regard, the study of the mechanisms of their engraftment and the development of modern methods of corrective osseointegration therapy are topical issues of our time. The available experimental data do not fully reveal the nature of the course of osseointegration processes during dental implantation against the background of experimental osteoporosis. Objective. To evaluate the state of calcium-phosphorus metabolism in the blood of experimental animals with modeled osteoporosis after dental implantation under the influence of corrective osteotropic therapy. Materials and methods. The experimental part of the study was performed on 65 rabbits (Giant Chinchilla breed): 15 animals were the control group (intact animals) and 50 animals were the experimental group (25 females and 25 males, which underwent ovariectomy and orchiectomy under thiopental anaesthesia to model experimental osteoporosis). 2 months after the osteoporosis modelling, the animals of the experimental group underwent thiopental anaesthesia and were implanted with ImpLife «Mini 3.0» implants in the mandible bone. For the corrective therapy of osteoporosis, animals of experimental groups A(I) and B(I) were administered «Bivalos» (1/3 of a sachet was diluted with 1:100 ml of water and given to animals daily for 1 month) and «OsteoPro» (1 tablet per day in crushed form was added to the diet of experimental animals for 1 month). In the blood of experimental animals, 3, 6, 12 and 20 weeks after implant placement, the content of calcium and phosphorus was determined by a unified colourimetric method. Results and discussions. The study suggests that after 20 weeks, the experimental animals in subgroups A and B, which did not receive corrective osteoporosis therapy, had a blood calcium level that continued to increase. On average, it was 2.0 times higher than in the control group (p<0.01) and 1.2 times higher than the baseline (p1<0.05). During the study period, it was observed that the calcium content in the blood of the animals in subgroups A(І) and B(І), who were treated for osteoporosis, decreased but did not show any significant difference when compared to the control group's experimental animals (p>0.01). Furthermore, it was noted that the calcium level in the blood was 1.6 times lower than the baseline data in subgroup A(І) and 1.7 times lower in subgroup B(І) (p1<0.01). Significant increases in blood phosphorus levels were observed in subgroups A and B after 20 weeks of the experiment, with values higher than the control and baseline values. In group A, the levels were 1.4 times higher (p<0.01) and 1.5 times higher (p<0.05), respectively. In group B, the levels were 1.4 times higher (p<0.01) and 1.3 times higher (p<0.01), respectively. In subgroups A(І) and B(І), a long-term follow-up study was conducted to investigate the decrease in blood phosphorus levels. The results showed that after 20 weeks of the experiment, the levels were lower than the control and baseline values by an average of 1.4 times (p<0.01) and 1.5 times (p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion. Thus, it appears that the development of osteoporosis in the experiment occurred in the presence of increased calcium and slightly elevated phosphorus levels in the blood of experimental animals after ovariectomy and orchiectomy, as compared to the data observed in intact rabbits of the control group. However, the therapeutic complex developed by us was successful in normalizing calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood of experimental animals.