Determination of risk factors for scoliosis in school-age children using a questionnaire

Abstract

The purpose of the work is to investigate risk factors according to scientific and information sources to develop a methodology for assessing the risk of scoliosis in children through questionnaires.Materials and methods. Scientific information sources used to determine the risk factors for the spread of scoliosis among school- age children were analyzed. The bibliosemantic method, content analysis, analytical, systemic approach and analysis, sociological (to create a questionnaire) was applied. bibliosemantic, content analysis and systemic approach and analysis, sociological (to create a questionnaire).According to the literature, we divided the risk factors for scoliosis in children into seven groups: medical; genetic (heredity); postural (posture assessments of schoolchildren); behavioral; household; and factors related to medical literacy and awareness (frequency of visits to a family doctor and awareness of disease prevention).Results. The scientific sources of information on determining the main risk factors for scoliosis in school-age children, which were conducted in different countries of the world, were analyzed, and the existing questionnaires were supplemented with questions related to the development of scoliosis in schoolchildren in Ukraine. In modern studies on the assessment of risk factors, the main contextual factors were identified, namely: demographic, medical, genetic, developmental, behavioral factors, household and factors related to medical literacy and awareness. Studying their influence is important for preventing the disease and preventing complications in the complex course of scoliotic disease, as well as raising awareness among parents and the public about the prevention and timely detection of scoliosis, as the most common disease among diseases of the musculoskeletal system.Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of risk factors, various groups of factors have been identified that underlie the study of the occurrence of scoliosis as the most common disease among diseases of the musculoskeletal system in school-age children, namely:1. Demographic factors associated with morphological parameters of the body, age and gender, since a characteristic feature of scoliosis is its tendency to progress during puberty and intensive skeletal growth, and it was also found that IBS occurs 10 times more often in girls than in boys.2. A study of medical factors has established that schoolchildren who had a crossbite have scoliosis.3. The severity and progression of scoliotic disease is influenced by a genetic factor - such as heredity.4. Postural factors - a sedentary lifestyle, accompanied by prolonged sitting and minimal physical activity, are also associated with an increased risk of scoliosis.5. At the same time, it has been analyzed that behavioral factors, such as insufficient hours of sleep, vitamin deficiency and active sports activity, affect the development and progression of scoliosis.6. Medical literacy and knowledge related to the basics of detecting scoliosis in school-age children are important for society, as they affect its early detection.Thus, to prevent the disease and prevent complications of the complex course of scoliotic disease in children, it is important to identify risk factors that lead to the occurrence of this pathology in a timely manner by conducting a survey of parents of children in educational institutions and require a solution at both the public and state levels.