Main aspects of physical therapy in oncology patients in the paradigm of the biopsychosocial model

Abstract

Oncological diseases are one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine, as they not only threaten the lives of patients, but also significantly affect their physical and psychological state. The modern approach to the treatment of cancer patients involves not only combating the tumor process, but also ensuring the maximum quality of life and functional activity of patients. In this context, physical therapy plays an important role as a component of comprehensive treatment aimed at reducing physical symptoms, improving motor activity and supporting psychological well-being. Taking into account the biopsychosocial model of rehabilitation, physical therapy is considered a necessary tool for the harmonious recovery of cancer patients and their adaptation to a new lifestyle.The purpose is to study and analyze the main aspects of physical therapy in patients with cancer in the context of the biopsychosocial model of rehabilitation care organization in order to develop and improve physical therapy methods, contributing to the improvement of the quality of life and psychosocial state of patients with cancer.Materials and methods. The object of the study is physical therapy for oncology patients within the framework of the biopsychosocial model, which considers the physical, psychological, and social aspects of rehabilitation. The review focuses on an evidence-based approach to physical therapy in oncology, including modern techniques and their impact on patients’ quality of life.A bibliosemantic analysis of scientific sources indexed in international abstract databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted to examine contemporary approaches to the rehabilitation of oncology patients, with an emphasis on the effectiveness of physical therapy, the multidisciplinary approach, and the biopsychosocial model of recovery.Results. based on the results of observations and a review of scientific and methodological literature, the effectiveness of physical therapy as a component of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with cancer was substantiated. The essence of the biopsychosocial approach to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cancer is considered and its importance in the formation of the goals of physical therapy is highlighted, the expediency of prescribing physical therapy in improving the quality of life of patients with cancer, in particular in reducing pain, restoring functional capacity and psychosocial support is substantiated. The application of physical therapy in combination with psychological support and social adaptation helps increase patient motivation for treatment, reduces stress and depression levels, and plays a crucial role in the recovery process.Conclusions. The inclusion of physical therapy in the treatment plan of patients with cancer in the context of the biopsychosocial model allows to achieve an integrated approach to treatment, contributing to the preservation and comprehensive restoration of health, and is an effective tool in improving the quality of life of patients with cancer, contributing to an increase in functional capacity, pain reduction and improvement of the psychosocial state of patients. The results of the literature analysis indicate that the combination of physical therapy with other methods of treatment and support can lead to a synergistic effect, which contributes to a more effective impact on the condition of patients.