Incidence and prevalence of the most socially impactful types of cancer in Dnipro region in 2009-2019

Abstract

Introduction. Cancer is the second most frequent cause of death, being outnumbered only by cardiovascular diseases – worldwide and in Ukraine. The problem of cancer monitoring and care requires close attention from the point of view of multiple stakeholders. Objective. To investigate incidence and mortality of the most impactful types of cancer in Ukraine and Dnipro region in 2009-2019. Material and methods. Data about cancer incidence and mortality in Ukraine in 2014-2019 was obtained from archives of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. Cancer incidence and mortality in the Dnipro region were calculated using a database of patients from Dnipro Regional Cancer Registry, which is a regional office of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. For the study were selected all cancer cases and the cases with cancer that were responsible for the top five causes of death for the patients with cancer in Ukraine of both sexes (breast, colon, trachea, bronchus and lung, ovary, prostate, and rectum/anus cancer). Time series analysis of cancer incidence and mortality was performed using annual average growth rates and linear regression models in R (version 4.4.0). Results and discussions. Total cancer incidence had an increasing trend both for Ukraine (p<0.01) and the Dnipro region. Total cancer mortality trend in Ukraine was decreasing (p=0.01), in the Dnipro region it was increasing. In Ukraine, mortality from all types of cancer, except prostate cancer, gradually decreased over the time of observation. While mortality from breast cancer in Ukraine was decreasing (p=0.02), in the Dnipro region it was increasing (p=0.03). Total and site-specific cancer incidence and mortality rates in Ukraine were mostly lower than in the Dnipro region (except for ovary and prostate cancer incidence). Conclusion. There was an increase in total and site-specific cancer incidence in Ukraine and Dnipro region in 2009-2019. Total and sitespecific cancer mortality in Ukraine was declining, except for prostate cancer. Cancer mortality in the Dnipro region was not decreasing in 2012-2019, and was even increasing for breast and prostate cancer. The need for the systemic approach to cancer prevention and treatment both at national and regional levels was identified, with a special attention to primary prevention.