PAIN SYNDROME IN PATIENTS DURING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT WITH FIXED STRUCTURES AND METHODS FOR ITS ASSESSMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-7684/2026-1-5Keywords:
orthodontic treatment, braces, pain syndrome, methods for assessing the severity of pain syndrome, dental anxiety, stress, catastrophizingAbstract
Introduction. Pain during orthodontic treatment is a common reaction in children and adults, which can increase dental anxiety and affect treatment outcomes. Both malocclusion and orthodontic pain negatively affect patients’ quality of life. The purpose of conducting an analysis of sources of evidence-based scientific literature and meta-analyses regarding the causes of pain syndrome in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed structures and methods of its assessment and correction. Materials and methods. Comprehensive search of bibliographic sources in the international databases PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, ProQuest, CINAHL for keywords related to pain syndrome in patients during orthodontic treatment with a bracket system, methods for assessing pain and anxiety, and mechanisms of occurrence. Results. Modern orthodontic science is gradually moving away from a purely biomedical paradigm and integrating elements of a biopsychosocial model, which focuses not only on the clinical condition but also on the patient’s psychological profile. This expansion of the theoretical basis necessitates the study of motivational factors, the emotional and social impact of dentofacial anomalies, as well as personal characteristics that may determine the perception of one’s own appearance and readiness for long-term treatment. Conclusions. Current evidence suggests that pain sensitivity in response to orthodontic intervention is a predominantly psychologically driven phenomenon with a key role for pain catastrophizing, while the influence of demographic factors and common genetic markers is minimal or absent.
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