ANALYSIS OF INDEX ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF DENTAL HARD TISSUES AND HYGIENE IN PATIENTS WITH ORTHODONTIC PATHOLOGY

Abstract

Introduction. The condition of the hard tissues of the teeth and the state of hygiene in patients with orthodontic pathology are important factors in the success and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment; they involve implementing therapeutic and preventive measures before the start of treatment, especially when using fixed appliances and bracket systems. The purpose is to analyze the condition of hard tissues and the state of hygiene in examined patients with orthodontic pathology living in different geographical areas of Transcarpathia. Materials and methods. 70 patients from three geographical zones of the Transcarpathian region with orthodontic pathology were examined. The prevalence and intensity of caries were determined using the DMF(T) index and the International ICDAS II system; oral hygiene was assessed using the Fedorov-Volodkina index. The obtained digital data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis in Microsoft Excel 2010, using the statistical software package “Statistica 28.0”. Results. It was found that the DMF(T) caries intensity index values according to the area of residence differed significantly among men (5.96±0.12 units; 8.04±0.16 units; 9.14±0.47 units; p < 0.05) and among women (5.91±0.27 units; 6.34±0.11 units; 7.15±0.11 units; p < 0.05). The average caries intensity index values in the groups according to area of residence differed significantly (5.93±0.19 units, 7.19±0.13 units, and 8.15±0.29 units; p < 0.05). The intensity of dental caries according to the ICDAS II index [4–6] is 2.52±0.02 teeth, while according to the ICDAS II index [1–6] it is 2.35 times more – 5.93±0.19 teeth (p < 0.05); in patients from the foothill zone according to the ICDAS II index [4–6] it is 3.44±0.04 teeth, while according to the ICDAS II index [1–6] it is 2.10 times more – 7.19±0.13 teeth (p < 0.05); and in patients with orthodontic pathology from the mountain zone according to the ICDAS II index [4–6] it is 4.46±0.04 teeth, while according to the ICDAS II index [1–6] it is 1.83 times more – 8.15±0.29 teeth (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in the prevalence of indicators corresponding to satisfactory hygiene (33.3%; 14.3%; 20.0%; p < 0.05) and unsatisfactory hygiene (50.0%; 42.9%; 36.0%; p < 0.05) was determined in patients of the foothill and mountain zones in relation to the lowland zone; a significant increase in the prevalence of indicators corresponding to poor hygiene (12.5%; 38.1%; 32.0%; p < 0.05) was determined.6] is 2.52±0.02 teeth, while according to the ICDAS II index [1–6] it is 2.35 times more – 5.93±0.19 teeth (p < 0.05); in patients of the foothill zone according to the ICDAS II index [4–6] there are 3.44±0.04 teeth, while according to the ICDAS II index [1–6] – 2.10 times more – 7.19±0.13 teeth (p < 0.05); and in patients with orthodontic pathology of the mountain zone according to the ICDAS II index [4–6] there are 4.46±0.04 teeth, while according to the ICDAS II index [1–6] – 1.83 times more – 8.15±0.29 teeth (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The average values of the DMF(T) caries intensity index in the examined patient groups, according to area of residence, differed significantly (p < 0.05). Significant differences were identified both among men and women (p < 0.05). Hygiene indicators varied; a significant increase in the prevalence of indicators associated with poor hygiene was observed.