FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF RESISTANT LOCAL APPLE VARIETIES OF TRANSCARPATHIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/1998-6475.2025.59.26Keywords:
aboriginal varieties, gene pool conservation, biodiversity protection, Ukrainian Carpathians, dry soluble substances, sugars, titrated acidsAbstract
In the Transcarpathian region there are favourable conditions for organic gardening. Local varieties resistant to major diseases and adapted to local soil and climatic conditions can be used in organic gardening and breeding. Indigenous varieties disappear and are replaced by new, popular varieties. The present study is aimed to preserve local native varieties Shtetin red, Batul, Durnaika, Solivarske, Krasa Zakarpattia, and Ferkovania by grafting onto M.9 rootstock and determine the main biochemical and morphometric parameters of the fruits. In the experiment ten commercial apple varieties suitable for organic cultivation and six old varieties were included in order to compare them. Fruit sampling in 2020-2024 was performed at technological maturity, which was determined using the starch iodine test. The soluble solids content (SSC, °Brix) was determined with a refractometer at 20°C. Titratable acidity (TA, % of malic acid) was determined in 30 ml of the filtrate by titration with 0,1 mol L-1 KOH and phenolphthalein solution was used as indicator. Among the studied varieties, the highest content of malic acid was found in the variety Batul (1.55 %) and the lowest – in Solivarske (0.28%). The highest amount of soluble sugars was in the Orion variety (13.7%) and the lowest in the Reanda and Reglindia varieties (9.6%). The content of soluble sugars in the fruit of old Transcarpathian apple varieties was in this range. The highest content of sugars was found in the variety of Ferkovania (12.2 %) and Krasa Zakarpattia (11.5 %), and the lowest one – in the variety Batul (9.8 %). The highest sugar-acid ratio was in the variety Solivarske (36.77), the lowest one in the variety Batul (6.34); it was also low in the varieties of Krasa Zakarpattia, Orion, Red Topaz, Sirius. The high sugar-acid ratio also have Reglindia, Durnaika and Ferkovania. Old variety Durnaika was distinguished by the largest average fruit weight (604.5 g). Based on biochemical and morphometric parameters, the apples of all six old Transcarpathian varieties are suitable for fresh consumption, as well as for processing.
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