Antibiotic resistance: the problem of a "silent pandemic"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24144/1998-6475.2022.52.59-66Keywords:
Antimicrobial drugs, antibiotic resistance, phagotypes, solutions.Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, antibiotic resistance is one of the 10 major threats to human health in the world. It is predicted that by 2050, infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and their phagotypes may cause about 10 million annual deaths. The spectrum of bacteria that become insensitive to the use of any known antimicrobial agents is constantly growing. This creates an urgent need to find new classes of antibacterial drugs to prevent a crisis in global healthcare. Currently, it is believed that bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics through active removal of the antibiotic from the cell, enzymatic modifications of the antibiotic, modifications of cellular components that are targeted by the antibiotic, changes in the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, and an increase in the concentration of a metabolite that is an antagonist of the antibiotic.
References
MAHARATH, A., AHMED, M.S. (2021) Bacterial Etiology of Bloodstream Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Male, Maldives. International Journal of Microbiology, 3088202. DOI: 10.1155/2021/3088202
BENGTSSON-PALME, J., KRISTIANSSON, E., LARSSON, D.G.J. (2018) Environmental factors influencing the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 42(1), 68–80. DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux053
DAI, L., SAHIN, O., GROVER, M., ZHANG, Q. (2020) New and alternative strategies for the prevention, control, and treatment of antibiotic resistant . Translational Research, 223, 76-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.009
BERTI, A., ROSE, W., NIZET, V., SAKOULAS, G. (2020) Antibiotics and innate immunity: a cooperative effort toward the successful treatment of infections. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 7(8), ofaa302. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa302
CHIANG, C.Y., UZOMA, I., MOORE, R.T., GILBERT, M., DUPLANTIER, A.J., PANCHAL, R.G. (2018) Mitigating the impact of antibacterial drug resistance through hostdirected therapies: current progress, outlook, and challenges. mBio, 9(1), e01932-17. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01932-17.
RUIZ-GARBAJOSA, P., CANTÓN, R. (2017) Epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Implications for empiricand definitive therapy. Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia, 1, 8–12.
TUCHSCHERR, L., KREIS, C.A., HOERR, V., FLINT, L., HACHMEISTER, M., GERACI, J., BREMER-STRECK, S., KIEHNTOPF, M., MEDINA, E., KRIBUS, M., RASCHKE, M., PLETZ, M., PETERS, G., LÖFFLER, B. (2016) Staphylococcus aureus develops increased resistance to antibiotics by forming dynamic small colony variants during chronic osteomyelitis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 71(2), 438–448. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv371.
ANDRUKH, V.S., ANDRUKH, V.N. (2017) Pro ratsionalne vykorystannia antybiotykiv u suchasnomu sviti: fokus na pediatriu. Sovremennaya pediatriya, 3(83), 10–15 (in Ukrainian).
BONDAR, M.V., PYLYPENKO, M.M., SVINTUKOVSKIY, M.YU., KHARCHENKO, L.A., PREVYSLA, O.M., TSVYK, I.M. (2016) Antybiotykorezystentnist mikroorganizmiv: melhanizmy rozvytku i shliakhy zapobihannia. Emergency Medicine, 3(74), 11–17 (in Ukrainian).
KULIA, А., PETROV, V.О., SABO, Yu., CHOBEI, S.M., RUSYN, V.I., BOIKO, N.V. (2009) Antybiotykorezystentnist umovno-patohennykh mikroorganizmiv, izoliovanykh v uhorskiy ta ukrainskiy neinfektsiiniy klinitsi. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod Univeristy. Series: Medicine, 37, 92–101 (in Ukrainian).
KULIA, А., SABO, Yu., KOVAL, H.M., BOIKO, N.V. (2011) Porivnialnyi analiz metodiv vyznachennia antybiotykochutlyvosti umovnopatohennykh bakterii – zbudnykiv oportunistychnykh infektsii liudyny. Microbiological Journal, 73(5), 47–53 (in Ukrainian).
