The influence of technologically transformed environment factors on the level of fluctuation asymmetry of tree plants leaves plates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24144/1998-6475.2020.48.28-33Keywords:
bioindication, technogenic load, foliar parameters, integral asymmetry index.Abstract
One of the most informative methods of integrated assessment of environmental quality is the indicator of fluctuating asymmetry. The level of fluctuating asymmetry, which is a measure of developmental stability, reflects the implementation of ontogenetic programs in specific conditions. The indicator is a reliable bioindication marker of the vital state of plant organisms, as it is minimal in optimal conditions and nonspecifically increases under stress. The paper presents the results of the assessment of the level of fluctuating asymmetry under the conditions of influence of man-caused factors of ash and slag dumps of Burshtyn thermal power station, which is a territory of increased ecological risks. The study analyzed the level of fluctuating asymmetry of leaf blades of the three most common species оn the study area - Populus tremula L., Salix caprea L., Betula pendula Roth. An integrated indicator of development stability, which reflects the ecological state of the territory, is determined. The rate of fluctuating asymmetry of leaf blades of the studied species ranged from 0.061 to 0.077. The highest levels of asymmetry were recorded in P. tremula, the lowest – in B. pendula. Among the analyzed foliar indicators, the most unstable features are the indicators of the angles between the first and central veins, the angle between the central and second veins from the base of the leaf blade, as well as the distance between the first and second veins. Based on the integrated indicator of fluctuating asymmetry, the ecological condition of the ash and slag dump territory is assessed as critical. The three most common species were tested in the study area as test objects for bioindication studies using the indicator of fluctuating asymmetry. The results of the analysis allow to place the studied species in the following series of sensitivity to man-caused load in terms of fluctuating asymmetry: B. pendula → S. caprea → P. tremula. All analyzed species can be used in bioindication studies as sensitive sensors to man-made load.
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