PHYTOPATHOGENIC CONTROL OF THE CAUSES OF THE MAIN TYPES OF CEREAL GRAIN CULTURE DISEASES OF FUNGAL ETIOLOGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/1998-6475.2023.54.7-12Keywords:
phytopathogenic microorganisms, phytosanitary monitoring, agrocenosis, biological pollutionAbstract
Conducting constant monitoring of phytosanitary, effective diagnosis and making predictions as to the development and spread of some harmful organisms of fungal etiology are the important parts in ensuring the health of plants and maintaining the appropriate phytosanitary state of the agrocenoses. This scientific paper presents the conclusions of the author’s own research of the spread and the development of pathogens of the main types of diseases of cereal grain crops (namely the winter wheat and the spring barley) of fungal etiology for the period of 2004–2022. It was determined that the phytopathogenic complex of agrocenoses of the winter wheat was dominated by the following root rots: helminthosporium (Bipolaris sorokiniana), fusarium (Fusarium spp.), cercosporella (Oculimacula yallundae), ophiobolus (Gaeumannomyces graminis), which affected on average up to 70.0% of the researched plants, the spread of diseases was 50%, and their development reached 1.81%. In the phytopathogenic complex of the spring barley, in addition to the root rot types (Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium spp.), the dominated varieties of spotting were discovered as the following: the dark brown (Cochliobolus sativus), the stripes (Pyrenophora graminea), the reticulate (Pyrenophora teres), the leaf septoria (Mycosphaerella graminicola), the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), and the rhynchosporium (Rhynchosporium secalis). The areas of the spring barley crops affected by these diseases are on average 5.1% –75.0% of the total amount of the crops, the prevalence of these diseases varies from 2.0% to 65.0%, and their development is 1.2%–35.0%. Phytopathogenic microorganisms increased the level of biological pollution of the agrocenoses and increased certain ecological risks in the agroecosystems. Therefore, the availability of up-to-date information makes it possible to timely assess the level of danger and the risks associated with the negative effects of phytopathogenic microorganisms, as well as develop and apply effective plant protection measures and minimize crop losses.
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