BIRD DIVERSITY NEAR THE DRAINAGE AND THE BYPASS CANALS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE POLTAVA MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/1998-6475.2023.54.87-98Keywords:
anthropogenic factors, avian species diversity, mining activities, biodiversity, ecological bird groups, rare speciesAbstract
Technogenic impact results in various environmental disturbances, including changes in biotopes and contamination by heavy metals and other pollutants. To restore the environmental functions of technogenic territories, the reclamation of mining sites is planned through ameliorative measures, the creation of vegetation restoration programs, and the enrichment of biodiversity, along with ecological monitoring of terrestrial flora and fauna. Birds play an invaluable role in the restoration and resettlement of biota as the most mobile and organized group with a high metabolic rate. Dominant species on the bypass and drainage canals of the Poltava Mining and Processing Plant were thoroughly studied. The study was conducted during the spring-summer periods of 2022–2023. The ornithofauna comprises 118 species belonging to 17 orders and 41 families. Within the territories of the plant, 59 species nest, with 53 migratory and 6 transient species also registered. Representatives of the tropical faunal group dominate in the ornithofauna of the drainage canal (19,4%) and the bypass canal (17,7%). A significant number of birds belong to dendrophiles, which are prevalent in the bypass and drainage canals, where hydro- and hygrophilic phytocenoses have developed, similar to floodplain and true meadows within the composition of adjacent aquatic and swamp ecosystems. Among the surrounding natural biogeocenoses, steppe elements with their characteristic unique floristic composition are absent, explaining the low number of campophiles. The rare ornithofauna encompasses 8 species, one of which nests. Among the identified bird species, nesting species include Columba oenas, while transient and migratory species include Hieraaetus pennatus, Haliaeetus albicilla, Milvus migrans. The significant number of rare and endangered species, raising concerns in Europe, highlights the importance of further research into their potential inclusion in the nature reserve fund with the status of “renaturalization areas.”
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