THE PARTICIPATION OF EPHEMERES AND EPHEMEROIDS IN THE FORMATION OF THE SPONTANEOUS VEGETATION COVER OF TECHNOGENIC ECOTOPES OF KRYVORIZHZHIA

Authors

  • A. Pavlenko Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32782/1998-6475.2024.57.55-64

Keywords:

early flowering plants, grass communities, iron ore dumps, tailings, ecological analysis, rare species

Abstract

The article summarizes data on the species composition of ephemeris and ephemeroids in the vegetation cover of technogenic ecotopes of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin (Kryvorizhzhia). The relevance of the research is due to the lack of information on this important aspect of the formation of vegetation cover of destabilized territories of mining regions. The purpose of the work is to investigate the species composition, spatial distribution, individual ecological and biological features and participation in the process of development of spontaneous vegetation cover of early spring plants in the technoecotopes of the region. Field studies were conducted in the first half of the growing seasons of 2023–2024 at 12 test sites, nine of which were located on iron ore dumps, and three on tailings dams. When surveying the vegetation, generally accepted route methods were used. We revealed that the group of ephemera includes 27 species from 24 genera and 12 families, while the group of ephemeroids consists of 3 species from 3 genera and 2 families. Representatives of the local flora are twice as many as adventive: 21 and 10 species, respectively. Based on the results of the ecological analysis revealed that the composition of hygromorphs is dominated by xeromesophytes (16 species) and mesoxerophytes (9 species). The number of heliophytes almost doubles the number of scioheliophytes (20 and 11, respectively). Trophomorphs are represented mostly by mesotrophs (16) and oligomesotrophs (8 species). The composition of the coenomorphs is quite diverse; more than a third of it is represented by ruderants (12 species). In terms of fruit dispersal methods, ballists absolutely prevail (20 species). However, to colonize technogenic ecotopes raised tens of meters above the earth’s surface, these species likely rely on anthropochory as an additional dispersal method. We noted that ephemeroids play a rather significant role in the self-development of technoecosystems. Their aggregations contribute to the preservation of moisture in the substrates, and the rapid destruction of their biomass contributes to the humus accumulation, the formation of primitive soils and, ultimately, the acceleration of endoecogenesis. The habitats of ephemeroids are biotopes with primitive soils and plant communities dominated by steppe grasses. To some extent, ephemeroids can be considered “markers” of the late (“quasi-steppe”) stage of the development of grass vegetation. Two rare species of ephemeroids (Hyacinthella leucophaea, Ornithogalum kochii) and one species from the group of ephemerals – Saxifraga tridactylites, included in the Red Book of the Dnipropetrovsk region, were found in technogenic ecotopes.

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Published

2024-12-30