ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO MILITARY SERVANTS WITH COMBAT DAMAGES TO THE VISUAL APPARATUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-7684/2026-1-18Keywords:
combat eye injury, military ophthalmology, staged treatment, medical evacuation, penetrating eye injuries, eye contusion, ophthalmological careAbstract
Purpose: to analyze modern approaches to organizing staged medical care for military personnel with traumatic eye injuries and to develop an optimal system for providing specialized ophthalmological care in wartime conditions. Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of domestic and foreign publications from 2019 to 2024, focusing on the organization of medical care for combat eye injuries, was conducted. Bibliosemantic, system-analytical methods, and the method of expert assessments were used. Statistical data on the structure and nature of eye injuries during military conflicts in Ukraine for the period 2022-2024 were analyzed. Results. It was established that the frequency of traumatic eye injuries in the structure of combat injuries is 8-12%. The main stages of care are determined: pre-hospital (first medical aid), hospital (qualified and specialized medical aid), and rehabilitation. An algorithm for sorting victims depending on the nature of the injury has been developed: penetrating wounds with leakage of intraocular contents, contusions with intraocular hemorrhage, chemical burns, and closed injuries without violation of the integrity of the eyeball. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to combined injuries is substantiated. An optimized system of staged care, utilizing telemedical consultations, mobile ophthalmological teams, and specialized eye microsurgery centers, is proposed. Conclusions. Effective organization of medical care for military personnel with traumatic eye injuries requires clear coordination at all stages of evacuation. The implementation of modern triage protocols, early specialized treatment, and comprehensive rehabilitation enables the preservation of vision in 65-70% of cases of penetrating wounds and in 85-90% of cases of eye contusions. The proposed system of organizing medical care contributes to reducing the level of disability and increasing the percentage of servicemen returning to duty.
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