ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROUND-BEETLES (COLEOPRERA, CARABIDAE): AN ECOSYSTEM-HABITAT APPROACH (ON EXAMPLE OF THE GENUS CARABUS LINNAEUS, 1758)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/1998-6475.2024.57.33-44Keywords:
biogeographical complex, ecological group, taxonomic diversity, Europe, PalearcticAbstract
The paper presents a scheme of ecological and biogeographical classification of the ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). For this purpose, the categories of biogeographical complex (BC) and ecological group (EG) were used. The areological characteristics of 12 biogeographic complexes and 32 subcomplexes of European Carabidae and the adjacent regions of the Palearctic are given. According to this, the following are distinguished: Hyperborean or Arctic (HB), Palearctic polyzonal (PA), Euro-Siberian boreal (ES), Eurasian subboreal (EA), Western Palearctic or Paleo-Mediterranean (WP), European nemoral (EN), Euro-Mediterranean or Sub- Mediterranean (EH), Mediterranean (MT), Scythian steppe (SC), Anterior-Asian (AA), Iran-Turan desert-montane (IT) and Macaronesian insular (MC) biogeographic complexes. Ecological groups of Carabidae are distinguished by categories of ecosystem type (sylvicols, praticols, indifferent, ultra-hygrophils, deserticols, alpicols/tundricols, subalpine and troglobiont forms), hygrotopic preferences (mesophiles, hygrophiles, xerophiles) and substrateedaphic preferences (dendrobionts, geobionts, limnophiles, amnophiles, saproxylophiles, tyrphophiles, calciphiles, psammophiles, saxyphiles, halophiles). The application of the above scheme is illustrated on the example of 183 taxa of European Carabidae, genus Carabus Linnaeus 1758. The best represented is European nemoral complex (105 taxa), and the absolute majority of its (84 taxa) belong to montane subcomplexes; in second place is the Mediterranean complex (28 taxa). The dominant ecological groups in the European fauna of the genus Carabus are indifferent mesophiles (60 taxa), forest mesophiles (28), subalpine (23) and alpine-tundra groups (21). The proposed ecological-biogeographical classification scheme of the Carabidae taxonomic diversity implements an ecosystem-habitat approach to the analysis of biodiversity, according to which the ecological requirements for the habitat of the population should be considered in a biogeographical context, i.e. taking into account the natural conditions and natural-historical aspects of the formation of its range.
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