SPONTANEOUS VASCULAR PLANTS FLORA OF PARKS ASSEMBLES OF THE “SAINT MIKLOSH” CASTLE (CHYNADIYOVO VILLAGE, ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/1998-6475.2025.58.4Keywords:
phytodiversity, parks biotopes, cultivated plants, spontaneous flora, structure, native and alien speciesAbstract
The results of the study of the diversity of wild and cultivated vascular plants of the park ensemble of the castle “Saint Miklosh” (Chynadiyovo village, Mukachevo raion, Zakarpattia Oblast) are presented: the species composition is established, a brief historical background is given, as well as the nature of the park plantings, the results of the structural (systematic, life forms, geographical, ecological and coenotic) and fractional (by time and method of introduction, primary range, degree of naturalization of alien species) analyses, the peculiarity of the flora were clarified, and an annotated summary was compiled. The phytodiversity of the analyzed park complex consists of 221 species, subspecies and varieties of vascular plants, including 148 species of the natural flora fraction, 70 – alien flora fraction, and 3 more cultivated species that are close to escaping cultivation. In the life forms spectrum of the flora, more than half are perennials (54.7 %), somewhat less – small annuals (28.4 %), while in the alien fraction, the opposite order is observed – short-lived (64.4 %) prevail, fewer perennials (27.1 %), and there are no shrubs and subshrubs. The geographical spectrum of the aboriginal flora fraction is quite diverse and is represented by 10 geoelements, its basis is approximately equally, although with a slight advantage, made up of Eurasian and Palearctic (21.6 % each), European-sub-Mediterranean (19.6 %) and European (17.6 %) elements. The coenotic spectrum of species of both fractions also differs significantly: in the aboriginal one, species of the meadow flora complex prevail (29.7 %), somewhat less of the nodal forest (21.6 %), synanthropic (mainly ruderal, 18.2 %) and forest (16.9 %), while in the alien one, the largest number of species of the synanthropic flora complex (82.9 %) and significantly less of the meadow (11.4 %). In the alien fraction of the analyzed flora, kenophytes (55.7 %) prevail by time of introduction, xenophytes (68.6 %) by ways of introduction, epoecophytes by degree of naturalization, and the species of Sub-Mediterranean origin (55.8 %), somewhat less – Asian (20.0 %) and American (17.1 %) one.
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