КУЛЬТУРНА ТА СПОНТАННА ФЛОРИ ПАРКОВОГО АНСАМБЛЮ С. ВЕЛИКА БАКТА (ЗАКАРПАТСЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ)

O. Shynder; V. Kolomiichuk; E. Kohut; Yu. Krugliak; Yu. Nehrash; M. Shevera

doi:10.32782/1998-6475.2025.59.29

Authors

O. Shynder M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-0873
V. Kolomiichuk Acad. O. V. Fomin Botanical Garden, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5767-344X
E. Kohut Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-1606
Yu. Krugliak M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-7424
Yu. Nehrash M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-7538
M. Shevera M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-0458

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32782/1998-6475.2025.59.29

Keywords:

plant diversity, park biotopes, cultivated flora, spontaneous flora, native and alien plant species

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the taxonomic diversity (cultivated and wild plants) of the park ensemble in the village of Velyka Bakta (Berehove Urban Territorial Community, Berehove District, Zakarpattia Oblast). The species composition has been determined, a brief historical background and a description of the park plantations are provided. The results of structural (systematic, biomorphological, geographical, ecological-coenotic) and fractional (by time and means of introduction, and primary area) analyses are presented, the main features of the flora are revealed, and an annotated checklist has been compiled. The plant diversity of the analyzed park complex comprises 271 taxa (species, subspecies, and hybrids) of vascular plants belonging to 182 genera and 72 families; of these, 222 taxa belong to the spontaneous flora (161 native and 61 alien), and an additional 66 cultivated taxa are recorded separately. In the biomorphological structure of the native fraction, more than half are perennials (over 57%), whereas annuals dominate the alien fraction (over 52%); the latter lacks subshrubs and aquatic herbs. The geographical spectrum of the native fraction includes eight geo-elements, with a predominance of widely distributed components: Palaearctic (43.8%), European–Mediterranean (21.3%), and European (15.5%). The coenotic spectrum of the spontaneous flora reflects the zonal characteristics of the Zakarpattia Lowland: forest (33.8%) and meadow (31.5%) elements prevail, while the high proportion of synanthropic species indicates a significant degree of anthropogenic transformation of the vegetation cover. The cultivated dendroflora is dominated by trees and shrubs, mostly Asian, American, and Mediterranean alien woody ornamentals, some of which show tendencies toward naturalization.

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