BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION AND ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.) FEEDING STRATEGIES IN THE WATER BODIES OF THE ZHYTOMYR REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/1998-6475.2026.60.8Keywords:
aquaculture, carp, feed conversion ratio (FCR), forage base, Zhytomyr region, sustainable fish farmingAbstract
The study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the forage base functioning and an assessment of the effectiveness of feeding strategies in fish farms of the Zhytomyr region during 2022–2024. The paper substantiates that feed costs are a key determinant of the economic sustainability of aquaculture, accounting for up to 70 % of production costs. Particular attention is paid to the biological response of the carp organism to changes in diets. It was established that an increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 2.37 to 4.09 correlates with a disturbance in the metabolic balance of the fish. Deficiencies of essential amino acids and vitamins in low-quality feeds lead to a slowdown in anabolic processes and a decrease in the resistance of the carp's immune barrier to pathogens. The dynamics of ichthyomass growth were analyzed depending on the digestibility of protein components, which is critical for the formation of a physiologically healthy population. From an ecological perspective, it is proven that irrational feeding is a source of secondary pollution of water bodies. Uneaten feed and excessive excretion of nitrogen metabolism products provoke anthropogenic eutrophication of Polissya ponds. A methodology for an integrated FCR index is proposed, which takes into account the consumption of the natural forage base (phyto-, zooplankton, and benthos). This allows for the optimization of the trophic load on the ecosystem and the preservation of the biodiversity of microorganisms that perform the function of biological self-purification. In the context of biomedicine and nutritional science, it is substantiated that the quality of the feeding strategy directly affects the nutrient profile of marketable fish. It was found that diet correction using highquality additives promotes the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3, Omega-6) and easily digestible proteins in carp muscle tissue. This increases the biological value of the product for the end consumer, minimizing the risks of accumulation of harmful lipid peroxidation products in the fish.
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