Microbiological aspects of dental implantation in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis

Abstract

Introduction. It is well known that shifts in the microbial profile of the oral cavity towards pathogenicity threaten the stability of dental implants, leading to complications such as peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis. The involvement of not only recognized periodontopathogenic but also non-commensal microflora in such pathological processes remains a subject of scientific debate. Therefore, recognizing non-typical oral cavity microflora as pathogenic and a threat to dental health is crucial for understanding the causes of post- implantation complications.Objective: To determine the microbiological profile of the oral cavity in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis at the stage of preparation for dental implantation.Materials and Methods. The clinical study included 30 patients aged 26 to 63 years diagnosed with stage II–III chronic generalized periodontitis. At the stage of preparation for dental implantation, the microbial profile of periodontal pockets was analyzed, along with the antibiotic sensitivity of the detected microbial cultures.Results. The analysis of microbial colonization in periodontal pockets of patients with generalized periodontitis at the pre-implantation stage revealed that their microbial profile comprises not only periodontopathogenic microflora from the red and yellow complex but also non-commensal microflora. Representatives of this non-commensal flora included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterococcus faecalis, which are typically commensals of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolated microbial cultures demonstrated a high level of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics commonly prescribed as adjunctive therapy during dental implantation.