Non-communicable diseases and patients’ metabolic health: a public health perspective

Abstract

Introduction. Since the onset of the full-scale war in Ukraine, the issue of non-communicable diseases – many of which are associated with metabolic disorders – has become significantly more acute. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common non-communicable diseases, exacerbating comorbidities, accelerating the onset of complications, and considerably reducing patients' quality of life.Objective. To explore credible sources for potential links between non-communicable diseases and metabolic disorders, and to assess MASLD in the context of public health.Materials and Methods. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Medline databases, along with an analysis of information from the official website of the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.Results and Discussion. The article discusses the current state of metabolic-associated non-communicable diseases, with a primary focus on MASLD, which has emerged as a major public health and healthcare system challenge. MASLD has taken on the features of a non- infectious pandemic, affecting 30–40% of the global population. The disease carries not only medical but also socio-economic implications.The article describes the epidemiology of MASLD and its association with overweight and obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, and increased cancer risk. The importance of screening for steatosis is emphasized, with early therapeutic intervention aimed at reducing adverse health outcomes.Conclusions. An interdisciplinary approach to the medical and social challenge of MASLD – the most prevalent NCD worldwide – should be comprehensive and centered on understanding the comorbidity paradigm and its impact on population health. A crucial step is the development and implementation of a holistic community-level program with clear guidelines for screening, early diagnosis, treatment, and complication prevention. Only a well-defined strategy to combat MASLD can yield success and improve the overall health profile of Ukrainians.