SUBSTANTIATION OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE PROCESSES OF REPARATIVE REGENERATION OF THE MANDIBULAR BONE TISSUE ON THE DIAMETER OF THE BONE SUBSTITUTE GRANULES

Abstract

Introduction. Alveolar bone atrophy is one of the problems of dental rehabilitation using dental implants. Alveolar process deficiency, which occurs as a result of atrophy, is a significant problem when installing dental implants, as it prevents the achievement of sufficient primary stability, which is a decisive factor in the success of implantation. There are various methods of vertical bone augmentation, such as directed bone regeneration, alveolar distraction osteogenesis and autogenous bone transplantation, etc. The aim of the study was to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of bone substitute granules in dental augmentation depending on the type of bone tissue. The clinical study was conducted on the basis of the surgical department of the Sumy Regional Clinical Dental Polyclinic. The study involved 75 patients who underwent lower molar extraction followed by dental implantation. Analyzing the sections of patients’ computed tomograms, we concluded that the most common (57–60%) cases are the compensated phase of this pathology in the conditions of type 1 or 2 bone tissue, the subcompensated phase was somewhat less common (35–39%); in its presence, type 2 bone was found in 44% of cases, and type 3 in 56% of cases, respectively. The most unfavorable conditions for delayed dental implantation are the presence of the decompensated phase of this pathology, which in 77–80% of cases is visualized in the presence of type 4 bone. Conclusions. It has been established that the 0.5–1.0 mm bone substitute granules have the properties of “ideal elasticity”, which is called spherical isotropy and its deformation properties are described as an arithmetic linear relationship between the stress force and the direction and degree of deformation. We have established that spherical isotropy has the same biomechanical properties in all directions, arising from each point of the material and each part of it leads to the same parameters of the increase in load, which is included in the concept of “isotropy”.